Ionomer Polyamide Primers for Thin Stable Barrier Coatings
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies face challenges in producing defect-free, thin primer coatings less than 2 micrometers in thickness using solventless extrusion processes, and water-soluble polyamides are sensitive to humidity and thermally unstable due to quaternary ammonium groups in their backbone.
Innovation Solution
Development of water-dispersible, dimer acid-based ionomer polyamides with a mole fraction of 0.40 or greater dimer acid, incorporating ionomer components and oxyalkylene diamines, which are amorphous and thermally stable, allowing for thin layer application using common coating equipment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If water-soluble polyamides with quaternary ammonium groups are used to achieve water dispersibility, then water dispersibility is improved, but thermal stability and hydrolytic stability deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure parameters by replacing quaternary ammonium groups with carboxylic acid groups and using specific diamine components (oxyalkylene diamines, piperazine, homopiperazine) to achieve water dispersibility without compromising thermal and hydrolytic stability. The molecular weight and composition ratios are also optimized to maintain stability while enabling water dispersibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite polyamide structures by combining multiple diamine components (oxyalkylene diamines, piperazine, homopiperazine) with dicarboxylic acids in specific ratios. This composite approach achieves water dispersibility through hydrophilic segments while maintaining thermal and hydrolytic stability through the overall molecular structure and crosslinking density.
2Strength
If conventional polyamide compositions are used to achieve adequate adhesion, then adhesion is improved, but coating thickness must be increased, but this increases material usage and reduces efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes composition parameters including the ratio of oxyalkylene diamine (0.05-0.50 mol), piperazine/homopiperazine (0.10-0.40 mol), and dicarboxylic acid (0.40-0.85 mol) to achieve superior adhesion at reduced coating thicknesses of 0.01-0.10 micrometers, significantly reducing material usage compared to conventional primers.
Solution Approach 2:
The polyamide primer composition provides self-adhesion and self-crosslinking capabilities through its functional groups, eliminating the need for additional adhesive layers or complex processing steps. The carboxylic acid groups and diamine components react to form strong bonds with the substrate and with each other, achieving adequate adhesion at thin coating thicknesses.
3Device complexity
If solventless coating processes are used to simplify the coating process, then process complexity is reduced, but achieving defect-free thin coatings becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the viscosity and composition parameters of the solventless polyamide coating to enable defect-free application at thicknesses of 0.01-0.10 micrometers. The specific molecular weight range and functional group distribution control the flow and leveling properties, allowing uniform coating formation without solvents.
Solution Approach 2:
The solventless coating process maintains continuous film formation and curing without the need for solvent evaporation steps. The polyamide composition is designed to flow, level, and crosslink continuously in a single pass, achieving defect-free thin coatings through uninterrupted processing.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The ionomer polyamides provide effective, thermally stable, and hydrolytically stable primers for various polymers and substrates, functioning as barriers for hydrophobic substances, and can be applied as thin layers without ester bonds, enhancing environmental sustainability.
Implementation Method 1
The ionomer polyamides function as effective primers for various polymers, providing hydrophobic substance barriers
Implementation Method 2
a layer of the ionomer polyamide according to the first aspect disposed on a major surface of the substrate
Data Source
AI summary
Ionomer polyamides membranes are provided, including a reaction product of a polymerizable composition including a first diacid that is a dimer acid; an ionomer component; a first diamine that is an oxyalkylene diamine; at least one second diamine comprising a primary diamine and/or a secondary diamine; and optionally at least one second diacid. The ionomer component is an ionomer diacid, an ionomer diester, or an ionomer diamine. The present disclosure also provides primers containing the ionomer polyamide dispersed in water and/or a lower alcohol. Further, articles are provided including a substrate and the ionomer polyamide or the primer disposed on the substrate. Methods are additionally provided, including methods of making an ionomer polyamide and making an article.