IoT Antenna Corner Clearance Layout for Low-Loss Impedance Matching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing non-resonant antenna solutions for wireless devices suffer from high losses due to high-value inductances required for matching high capacitive impedances, leading to inefficiencies, especially at low frequencies, and are challenging to implement efficiently in small ground plane dimensions.

Innovation Solution

A radiating system with an electrically-small antenna and a ground plane layer featuring a clearance area at the corner, where the antenna element is connected to the ground plane through a conductive element, utilizing a matching network with high-Q capacitors to achieve inductive input impedance, reducing losses and improving efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a series inductance is used to match high capacitive impedance, then impedance matching is achieved, but matching network losses increase due to high inductance values

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveimpedance matchingVSAvoidmatching network losses

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using a series inductance to match capacitive impedance (conventional approach), the patent inverts the approach by using a parallel capacitance to match inductive impedance. This is achieved by creating an inductive input impedance through the specific antenna configuration with the ground plane clearance area, then matching it with a parallel capacitance that has lower losses.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the impedance parameter from capacitive to inductive by modifying the antenna configuration. Specifically, placing the antenna element in the clearance area at the corner of the ground plane and connecting it through a conductive element transforms the input impedance characteristics, enabling matching with capacitive elements instead of inductive ones.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Area of stationary object

If the ground plane layer has small dimensions to fit in small spaces, then device size is reduced, but radiating system efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveground plane areaVSAvoidradiating system efficiency

Core Design Contradiction:

Area of stationary objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating a specific structural feature (clearance area) at a specific location (corner) of the ground plane. This localized modification changes the electromagnetic field distribution and input impedance characteristics, enabling efficient radiation from a small ground plane structure without requiring the entire ground plane to be large.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes the corner position (two-dimensional location) of the ground plane to achieve three-dimensional electromagnetic field optimization. By placing the antenna in the clearance area at the corner and using specific connection geometries, the patent creates favorable radiation conditions in multiple spatial dimensions, compensating for the small overall ground plane area.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Length of moving object

If non-resonant antenna elements are used, then antenna size is reduced for small spaces, but antenna efficiency is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveantenna sizeVSAvoidantenna efficiency

Core Design Contradiction:

Length of moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary structure (the clearance area with specific conductive connections) between the antenna element and the ground plane. This intermediary configuration transforms the input impedance to be inductive, which can then be efficiently matched with parallel capacitance, thereby improving the efficiency of electrically-small non-resonant antennas.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enhances antenna efficiency by minimizing matching network losses and achieving better input reflection coefficients, particularly at low frequencies, resulting in a more efficient radiating system compared to prior-art solutions.

Implementation Method 1

Such an inductive input impedance can be modified to obtain a matched radiating system, by using a matching network comprising capacitors

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectImpedance transformation:

Implementation Method 2

a radiating system that comprises a radiating structure comprising an antenna element, being in some examples a booster element or radiation booster, and at least a ground plane layer

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation:

Data Source

PatentUS20230369753A1LOOP BOOSTER FOR SMALL IoT DEVICES

Publication Date: 2023.11.16 IGNION SL

AI summary

A wireless device operates in at least one frequency region and/or frequency band and comprises a radiating system that includes a radiating structure comprising a ground plane layer having a clearance area at a corner of a ground plane rectangle that encompasses the ground plane layer, an antenna element located in the clearance area, and two connections of the antenna element to the ground plane layer. The radiating system further comprises a radiofrequency system comprising a matching network and/or an electronic circuit. One of the antenna element to ground plane layer connections is connected to an input/output port of the radiating system and a second connection connects the antenna element to the ground plane layer through a short-circuit or an electronic circuit.