IoT Server-Guided PLMN Transfer for UE Load Balancing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing radio networks lack mechanisms to efficiently transfer user equipment (UEs) between Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) for reasons other than coverage, such as congestion or optimization, and do not fully leverage the capabilities of IoT servers in managing network context and UE visibility across multiple PLMNs.

Innovation Solution

Implementing methods for UE transfer between PLMNs based on network load balancing and optimization, utilizing IoT servers to manage UE transfers by leveraging their network context and visibility, including manual network selection and core network entity-driven transfers, with support from M2M/IoT devices and servers.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If radio networks use traditional coverage-based PLMN selection, then devices can connect to available networks, but networks cannot efficiently transfer UEs for load balancing or optimization purposes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork transfer efficiencyVSAvoidPLMN selection mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary mechanism where the network can provide restricted access to devices, allowing them to register and receive transfer indications without full service access. This intermediary registration state enables the network to control and orchestrate PLMN transfers for load balancing and optimization, resolving the contradiction between transfer efficiency and mechanism complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If networks allow free registration of devices, then device connectivity is maximized, but networks lose control over UE distribution and cannot perform load balancing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload balancing capabilityVSAvoidnetwork connection reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements local quality by creating different access modes: restricted access for transfer-controlled devices and normal access for autonomous devices. This allows the network to apply different policies to different device groups, enabling load balancing through restricted access while maintaining connection reliability through normal access options.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic control where devices can transition between restricted and normal access states. The network can dynamically indicate transfers to devices in restricted mode, allowing flexible UE distribution for load balancing while ensuring devices can reliably connect through either access mode depending on network conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If devices perform autonomous PLMN selection, then device autonomy is maintained, but network optimization and congestion management are compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork adaptabilityVSAvoiddevice operation simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements universality by designing a dual-mode registration system that serves multiple functions: restricted access for network-controlled transfer scenarios and normal access for autonomous device scenarios. This single framework handles both network-optimized and device-autonomous operations, providing adaptability without complicating device operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Productivity

If networks implement comprehensive UE transfer mechanisms, then network optimization is improved, but signaling overhead and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork optimization efficiencyVSAvoidsignaling overhead
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by implementing restricted access registration that provides just enough network control for transfer optimization without full service activation. Devices receive transfer indications through signaling but maintain simplified operation by only acting on these indications when needed, reducing overall signaling overhead while preserving optimization efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP4138426B1Server in internet-of-things communication path
Publication Date: 2026.03.04 INTERDIGITAL PATENT HOLDINGS INC
  • EP4138426B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4138426B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4138426B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Radio networks such as Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs), user equipment devices (UEs), servers such as Internet-of-Things servers, and core network entities may be adapted to facilitate transfers of connections of wireless devices. For example, a first PLMN may provide restricted access to a UE to assist the UE in finding a second PLMN for a full connection. Entities may be adapted to support for non-coverage related PLMN transfers, such as transfers initiated by UEs, PLMNs, servers, and core network entities, e.g., in response to changing usage, congestion, etc.