IPM Machine Control Lookup Tables via Offline Characterization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing control methods for Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) machines lack efficient methods to determine optimal current and torque control across varying speeds and current limits, leading to suboptimal performance and potential overloading.

Innovation Solution

A testing architecture is established to determine characterization data for direct and quadrature axis currents, generating control lookup tables that provide maximum torque and efficiency information, ensuring operation within current and voltage limits across different speeds.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If existing control methods are used for IPM machines, then basic operation is achieved, but optimal current and torque control across varying speeds and current limits cannot be determined, leading to suboptimal performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque production efficiencyVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-characterizing the IPM machine across its entire operating range (multiple speeds and current limits) before actual operation. Control lookup tables are generated in advance containing optimal direct and quadrature axis currents for various torque and speed conditions. During operation, the controller simply queries these pre-computed tables rather than calculating optimal currents in real-time, thus achieving optimal torque production efficiency without real-time computational complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses copying by creating control lookup tables that store pre-determined optimal current values for different operating conditions. Instead of performing complex real-time calculations, the controller copies relevant data from these pre-generated tables based on current operating parameters. This allows optimal control to be achieved through simple table lookup and interpolation, eliminating the need for complex real-time computation while maintaining high productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Reliability

If existing control methods are used for IPM machines, then operation is maintained, but potential overloading occurs due to lack of current and voltage limit enforcement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafe operationVSAvoidcontrol architecture complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by incorporating current and voltage limit constraints during the offline characterization phase. The control lookup tables are generated with built-in knowledge of maximum current and voltage limits, so that during operation, the controller can enforce safe operating limits simply by querying values from pre-computed tables that already account for these constraints. This ensures reliability without requiring complex real-time limit checking and adjustment logic

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by having the controller continuously monitor actual current and voltage levels during operation and compare them against the limits embedded in the control lookup tables. When operating conditions approach limits, the controller adjusts torque requests or speed commands to remain within safe boundaries. This feedback mechanism ensures reliable operation while maintaining relatively simple control architecture through table-based control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If detailed characterization data is collected across multiple speeds and current magnitudes, then precise control is achieved, but testing and data collection time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol accuracyVSAvoidcharacterization time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the characterization process into discrete operating points across the IPM machine's operating range. Instead of continuous characterization, the system evaluates specific combinations of speeds and current magnitudes, storing results in structured lookup tables. This segmented approach achieves precise control through discrete sampling while significantly reducing total characterization time compared to continuous measurement methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by selecting a representative subset of operating points for characterization rather than exhaustively testing every possible condition. The lookup tables store pre-computed values for key operating points, with interpolation used to determine values for intermediate conditions. This provides sufficiently precise control for practical applications while minimizing characterization time by focusing on critical operating regions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP2681837B1Method and apparatus for characterizing an interior permanent magnet machine
Publication Date: 2020.09.02 DEERE & CO
  • EP2681837B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2681837B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2681837B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

One embodiment of the method includes setting up a testing architecture where the testing architecture includes a test IPM (300) machine having an output shaft (302) coupled to an output shaft (402) of a secondary speed control machine (400). The method further includes controlling the secondary speed control machine (400) to drive the output shaft (302) of the test IPM machine (300) at a first desired speed, determining a pair of desired direct and quadrature axis currents for each of a plurality of peak current magnitudes, and recording characterization data associated with each pair of desired direct and quadrature axis currents. The controlling, determining and recording steps for each of a second through nth desired speeds may be repeated. Control lookup tables for operation of an IPM machine (e.g., 300) may be generated from the characterization data.