Noninvasive Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation Apparatus
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing non-invasive ventilation methods, such as continuous positive airway pressure, are prone to failure and can lead to increased treatment costs, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and lung damage, highlighting the need for an improved apparatus and method for noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
Innovation Solution
The apparatus includes a flow control unit mechanically coupled to a blender, with inspiratory and expiratory units and a control unit to provide predefined volumes of medical air for inspiration and expiration, and to control peak pressures, inspiratory and expiratory times, and respiratory rate based on various parameters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If continuous positive airway pressure machines are used to provide non-invasive ventilation, then a single magnitude of positive pressure support is provided during expiration and inspiration, but the machines are subjected to failure and can lead to increased treatment costs and ventilator-associated pneumonia
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the harmful dependency on complex ventilator systems by removing the need for mechanical ventilators entirely. Instead, it uses a simple bag-valve system with manual or automated squeezing mechanisms to deliver intermittent positive pressure ventilation, thereby eliminating ventilator-associated pneumonia and mechanical failures while maintaining therapeutic effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces expensive, complex ventilator machines with simple, disposable or easily replaceable bag-valve systems. These simpler components are less prone to failure, easier to sterilize or replace, and eliminate the risk of ventilator-associated complications while providing adequate ventilation support
2Reliability
If ventilators are used to provide intermittent positive pressure ventilation, then ventilation support is provided upon failure of continuous positive airway pressure machines, but the cost of treatment increases and availability cannot be ensured
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a simplified copy of ventilator functionality using basic mechanical components (bag, valve, reservoir). This replica system performs the essential function of intermittent positive pressure ventilation without requiring complex electronics or expensive machinery, making it widely manufacturable and accessible
Solution Approach 2:
The bag-valve system can be manually operated by healthcare providers without requiring complex automated control systems. This self-service capability ensures availability in resource-limited settings while significantly reducing treatment costs compared to expensive ventilator machines
3Ease of operation
If continuous positive airway pressure machines are used, then non-invasive ventilation is provided, but the machines are complex and can cause lung damage and muscle weakness
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses intermittent, periodic delivery of positive pressure through controlled squeezing of the bag rather than continuous pressure application. This periodic action allows lung and muscle relaxation between breaths, preventing barotrauma and muscle weakness while maintaining adequate ventilation through rhythmic inspiratory support
Solution Approach 2:
The system allows dynamic adjustment of pressure parameters, volume, and timing by varying the squeezing force and rate on the bag. This flexibility enables optimization of ventilation parameters to match patient needs while avoiding excessive pressures that could cause lung damage, providing a safer alternative to fixed-parameter continuous positive airway pressure machines
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution provides effective noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation, reducing the risk of complications associated with traditional methods, while offering operational flexibility and safety features such as unidirectional valves and pressure regulation.
Implementation Method 1
generating a peak inspiratory pressure during the inspiration of the patient by expelling the first predefined volume of the medical air to a liquid medium at a first depth
Implementation Method 2
generating a peak expiratory pressure during the expiration of the patient by expelling the second predefined volume of the medical air to the liquid medium at a second depth
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus (10) for providing noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation is provided. The apparatus includes a flow control unit (20) including a first flow meter (30) to provide a first predefined volume of medical air. The flow control unit includes a second flow meter (40) to provide a second predefined volume of the medical air. The apparatus includes an inspiratory unit (50) including a first valve (60) to provide the first predefined volume of the medical air to a patient (80) to assist an inspiration. The inspiratory unit includes a second valve (90) to provide the second predefined volume of the medical air to the patient to assist an expiration. The apparatus includes an expiratory unit (100) to generate a peak inspiratory pressure. The expiratory unit is to generate a peak expiratory pressure. The apparatus includes a control unit (150) to control the peak inspiratory pressure, the peak expiratory pressure thereby providing noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation to the patient.