Flat Prefix Sub-Delegation for IPv6 Edge Routers

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Solution Overview

Problem

In IPv6 networks, hierarchical sub-delegation of prefixes leads to wasted address space and is not suitable for arbitrary graph networks due to assumptions about network topology, particularly in home networks with multiple routers.

Innovation Solution

Implementing 'flat' prefix sub-delegation where a single SP-facing router delegates /64 prefixes to all subnets, using DHCPv6 to conserve address space and support arbitrary graph networks, and determining router roles through reserved bits in Router Advertisements and DHCPv6 options to ensure correct operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Extent of automation

If hierarchical sub-delegation is used to assign prefixes to subnets, then automatic configuration is enabled, but address space is wasted and the method only works for tree topologies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveautomatic configurationVSAvoidaddress space
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the prefix delegation process by introducing a dedicated SP-facing router that receives a /60 prefix from the ISP and segments it into multiple /64 prefixes for different subnets. This segmentation allows efficient use of address space while maintaining automatic configuration through DHCPv6 prefix delegation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary SP-facing router that acts as a mediator between the ISP and downstream routers. This intermediary device receives the /60 prefix from the ISP and distributes /64 prefixes to multiple subnets, enabling arbitrary graph topologies while conserving address space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Extent of automation

If hierarchical sub-delegation is used to assign prefixes to subnets, then automatic configuration is enabled, but the method assumes tree topology and cannot work in arbitrary graph networks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveautomatic configurationVSAvoidnetwork topology
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the prefix delegation system dynamic by using DHCPv6 prefix delegation instead of static hierarchical assignment. This allows the system to adapt to arbitrary graph topologies dynamically, where SP-facing routers are identified through reserved bits in Router Advertisements and assigned prefixes accordingly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter of prefix delegation from fixed hierarchical levels to flexible DHCPv6-based assignment. By using DHCPv6 with option 27 (prefix delegation) and reserved bits in Router Advertisements, the system can dynamically assign prefixes based on actual network topology rather than assuming a tree structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of substance

If a single SP-facing router delegates prefixes to all subnets, then address space is conserved, but router identification becomes critical

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaddress spaceVSAvoidrouter identification
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses reserved bits in Router Advertisements as a form of identification marker (analogous to color changes) to distinguish SP-facing routers from other routers. This allows clear identification of which routers should receive /60 prefixes from the ISP and which should receive /64 prefixes, simplifying the delegation process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where routers send Router Advertisement messages containing reserved bits that indicate their role. This feedback allows the network to automatically identify SP-facing routers and configure them appropriately, reducing the difficulty of router identification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP2355408B1Automatically identify an edge-facing router
Publication Date: 2015.02.25 CISCO TECHNOLOGY INC
  • EP2355408B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2355408B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2355408B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Techniques for automatically identifying an edge-facing router in a network are provided.