Infrared Battery Management Transceivers for Cell Balancing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current battery management systems face challenges in efficiently communicating and coordinating the state of multiple battery cells within a battery pack, particularly in electric vehicles, where precise monitoring and balancing are crucial for optimal performance and safety.
Innovation Solution
A battery management apparatus and system utilizing infrared (IR) signals for communication between transceivers, allowing for half-duplex communication, where a master battery management apparatus controls slave units, enabling the extraction of commands, sensing data, and balancing operations across multiple battery cells through IR signals, with transceivers including IR LEDs, amplifiers, filters, comparators, and modulators for signal processing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If infrared (IR) signals are used for communication between battery management apparatuses, then communication efficiency and coordination of battery cell states are improved, but device complexity increases due to the need for transceivers with multiple components (IR LEDs, amplifiers, filters, comparators, modulators)
Solution Approach 1:
The battery management system is divided into multiple independent battery management apparatuses, each equipped with its own transceiver. This segmentation allows distributed communication and coordination without requiring a centralized complex communication system, resolving the contradiction by distributing the communication function across multiple simpler units.
Solution Approach 2:
Each battery management apparatus is designed with universal functionality to both transmit and receive IR signals through its transceiver. This multi-functionality allows any apparatus to act as either a master or slave device dynamically, simplifying the overall system architecture while maintaining efficient communication capabilities.
2Device complexity
If half-duplex communication is implemented for IR signal transmission, then device complexity is reduced compared to full-duplex systems, but communication speed and data transmission efficiency deteriorate due to sequential transmit-receive operations
Solution Approach 1:
The half-duplex communication system operates in periodic cycles, alternating between transmission and reception states in a structured manner. The master apparatus periodically initiates communication sequences, and slave apparatuses respond in designated time windows, maintaining efficient data exchange while simplifying the communication protocol and hardware requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The communication system maintains continuous useful action by ensuring that while one apparatus is transmitting, others are preparing to receive or processing data, minimizing idle time. The structured half-duplex protocol ensures that communication resources are continuously utilized effectively without requiring complex full-duplex capabilities.
3Measurement precision
If multiple battery management apparatuses are coordinated through IR signals, then monitoring precision and balancing accuracy of battery cells are improved, but loss of time increases due to signal transmission and processing delays between apparatuses
Solution Approach 1:
The master battery management apparatus periodically sends command signals to slave apparatuses in advance to prepare for data collection and processing. This preliminary action allows slave apparatuses to be ready with their measurements when the master requests data, reducing overall communication latency while maintaining high monitoring precision through coordinated timing.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback mechanisms where slave apparatuses immediately respond to master commands with their battery cell data, and the master provides acknowledgment and control signals. This structured feedback loop optimizes the timing of data exchange, ensuring that precision measurements are obtained with minimal unnecessary delay through efficient request-response cycles.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables efficient communication and coordination of battery cell states, facilitating precise monitoring and balancing, thereby enhancing the performance and safety of battery packs in electric vehicles by ensuring accurate synchronization and data transmission across multiple battery cells.
Implementation Method 1
an IR light emitting diode (LED) configured to perform light emitting and light receiving
Implementation Method 2
an amplifier configured to amplify an electrical signal generated when the IR LED performs the light receiving
Data Source
AI summary
A battery management apparatus includes: a first transceiver configured to receive a first infrared (IR) signal output from a neighbor battery management apparatus and process the first IR signal; a controller configured to extract information from the processed first IR signal; and a second transceiver configured to output a second IR signal based on the extracted information.