Iron(III)-Carbohydrate Phosphate Adsorbent

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current phosphate adsorbents have limited phosphate binding capacity and stability issues, leading to high doses and low patient compliance in treating hyperphosphatemia, with concerns about iron release and toxicity, especially in patients with haemochromatosis.

Innovation Solution

A new iron(III) oxide-hydroxide-based phosphate adsorbent is developed with higher binding capacity, stabilized by soluble carbohydrates like sucrose and starch, which prevents ageing and reduces iron bioavailability, allowing for a more stable and effective phosphate control without excessive iron release.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If iron-based phosphate adsorbent is used to treat hyperphosphatemia, then phosphate binding capacity is improved, but iron release and toxicity increase

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvephosphate binding capacityVSAvoidiron release and toxicity

Core Design Contradiction:

Quantity of substanceVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A carbohydrate coating layer is applied as an intermediary between the iron oxide core and the biological environment. This coating mediates the interaction by providing phosphate binding sites on the surface while physically blocking iron release into the surrounding medium, thus resolving the contradiction between phosphate binding capacity and iron toxicity

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite material structure consisting of an iron oxide core combined with a carbohydrate coating layer. This composite structure integrates the high phosphate binding affinity of iron oxide with the biocompatibility and iron-release prevention properties of carbohydrates, simultaneously achieving high phosphate binding capacity while minimizing iron release

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Object-affected harmful factors

If carbohydrate coating is applied to prevent iron release, then iron toxicity is reduced, but phosphate binding capacity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveiron toxicityVSAvoidphosphate binding capacity

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-affected harmful factorsVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The carbohydrate coating is applied locally on the surface of the iron oxide particles rather than throughout the bulk material. This local application allows the surface to have phosphate binding properties while the iron oxide core maintains its structural integrity and magnetic properties, preventing iron release without significantly reducing overall phosphate binding capacity

Inventive Principle:

Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The carbohydrate coating is applied as a porous or semi-permeable layer that allows phosphate molecules to access binding sites while preventing larger iron ions from leaching out. The porous structure provides sufficient surface area for phosphate binding while maintaining the barrier function against iron release

Inventive Principle:

Principle #31Porous materials

3Quantity of substance

If high dose of adsorbent is administered to achieve sufficient phosphate binding, then phosphate control is improved, but patient compliance deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvephosphate binding efficacyVSAvoidpatient compliance

Core Design Contradiction:

Quantity of substanceVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the key parameter of phosphate binding capacity per unit mass by optimizing the iron oxide particle size, surface area, and carbohydrate coating composition. This parameter optimization increases the phosphate binding efficiency, allowing lower dosages to achieve the same therapeutic effect, thereby improving patient compliance

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The new adsorbent achieves a 15-30% higher phosphate binding capacity than existing adsorbents, reducing the daily dose and improving patient compliance, while minimizing iron release and toxicity risks.

Implementation Method 1

a polynuclear iron(III)-based phosphate adsorbent comprising i) an adsorbent base material, preferably a non soluble carbohydrate, ii) polynuclear iron(III) oxide hydroxides

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 2

wherein the soluble carbohydrate is incorporated, e.g. partially incorporated, into the polynuclear iron(III) oxide hydroxides. The polynuclear iron oxide hydroxides may be stabilized by soluble carbohydrates.

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectStabilization through incorporation:

Data Source

PatentEP2319804B1Iron(III)-Carbohydrate based phosphate adsorbent

Publication Date: 2014.10.22 NOVARTIS TIERUNDHEIT

AI summary

The present invention relates to a new iron containing phosphate adsorbent and its use e.g. for treating hyperphosphataemia.