Iron Oxide Briquette Composition for EAF Transport Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing agglomerated products based on iron oxides are inefficient for use in electric arc furnaces, prone to disintegration during transport, and result in significant yield loss due to high operating costs and environmental dispersion of fine fractions.

Innovation Solution

A solid agglomerated product comprising a by-product fraction of ferrous and ferric oxides, a carbon-containing fuel fraction, an inorganic binder like cement, and an organic binder such as polysaccharides, with a balanced carbon content determined by stoichiometric calculations, to enhance mechanical strength and plasticity, allowing direct use in electric arc furnaces.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional agglomerated products are used to feed electric arc furnaces, then iron recovery is attempted, but the products disintegrate during transport and handling, causing yield loss and increased operating costs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrity during transportVSAvoidiron recovery efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a composite binder system combining organic binder (5-15% by weight) and inorganic binder (10-25% by weight) to create agglomerated products with enhanced mechanical strength and structural integrity, preventing disintegration during transport while maintaining iron recovery efficiency in electric arc furnaces

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes the carbon content parameter (15-30% by weight) in the agglomerated products to ensure sufficient reducing power for iron oxide reduction while maintaining structural stability, thereby improving both transport reliability and iron recovery productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of substance

If fine fraction by-products are collected and transported, then iron recovery is possible, but the small granulometry causes handling difficulties and high operating costs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveiron content recoveryVSAvoidhandling and transport ease
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines fine fraction by-products (granulometry <100 μm) with coarse fraction by-products (granulometry 100 μm - 8 mm) into unified agglomerated products, enabling efficient handling and transport of fine materials while recovering iron content that would otherwise be lost or difficult to manage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Productivity

If agglomerated products contain sufficient carbon for reduction reactions, then iron recovery is improved, but the products become more prone to disintegration and dust formation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemetallic iron recovery yieldVSAvoidmechanical strength and cohesion
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a composite binder system with organic binder (5-15% by weight) providing plasticity and initial cohesion, and inorganic binder (10-25% by weight) providing mechanical strength and thermal stability, enabling the agglomerated products to maintain structural integrity while containing sufficient carbon (15-30% by weight) for effective reduction reactions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates local quality differentiation within the agglomerated product structure, where the binder distribution and carbon content are optimized in specific regions to simultaneously provide mechanical strength for transport and reducing power for iron oxide conversion, preventing both disintegration and dust formation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The product effectively recovers metallic iron with high yields, reduces waste, and simplifies management by preventing disintegration during transport, while optimizing reduction reactions and energy use.

Implementation Method 1

at least one inorganic binder to agglomerate the at least one by-product fraction and the solid fuel fraction together

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAgglomeration:

Implementation Method 2

at least one organic binder to agglomerate the at least one by-product fraction and the solid fuel fraction together

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBinding: Adhesive

Implementation Method 3

combining the by-products with a reducing agent, and possible additional additives or by-products, provide to produce agglomerated products such as pellets and/or briquettes which are easier to manage, transport and move. These agglomerated products, if brought to determinate temperatures and under determinate conditions, can initiate reduction reactions in which the iron oxides are reduced to metallic iron

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReduction reaction: Reduction

Implementation Method 4

The addition of water up to 5% by weight promotes the action of the cellulose as a binder and makes the agglomerated product more solid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 5

These agglomerated products, if brought to determinate temperatures and under determinate conditions, can initiate reduction reactions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 6

solid agglomerated product usable as charge material for a furnace

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectric arc: Electric Arc

Data Source

PatentEP4278019B1Solid agglomerated product based on iron oxides and corresponding production method
Publication Date: 2026.02.04 DANIELI & C OFFICINE MECCANICHE SPA
  • EP4278019B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4278019B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4278019B1 patent drawing

AI summary

Solid agglomerated product, such as a briquette (B), which can be used as charge material for an electric arc furnace, comprising at least one by-product fraction (M; M1, M2, M3) deriving from a steel plant and comprising a first part containing ferrous oxide FeO and a second part containing ferric oxide Fe203, a solid fuel fraction (CR) containing a quantity of carbon (C_fix) and at least one inorganic binder to agglomerate a by-product fraction (M; M1, M2, M3) and the solid fuel fraction (CR) together and give the required mechanical properties to the agglomerate.