Isomeric Alkadienals for High-Intensity Fragrance Profiles
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current fragrance materials lack the diversity and intensity needed to create new and exciting odor profiles, with existing alkadienals not effectively utilized in perfume compositions despite their potential for enhancing odor character.
Innovation Solution
The use of geometric isomers of 4,8-undecadienal, 4,9-dodecadienal, and 4,10-tridecadienal in perfume compositions, which offer fresh, watery, ozone, grapefruit, and citrus notes, providing high odor intensity at low concentrations through specific synthesis processes involving alkyltriphenylphosphonium halide compounds and isomerizing agents.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If existing alkadienals are used in fragrance formulations, then some odor character is provided, but the odor intensity and diversity are insufficient to create new and exciting fragrance profiles
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the alkadienal compound class by specific carbon chain lengths (C11-C13) and geometric configurations (cis/trans isomers at specific positions), isolating compounds with superior odor characteristics from the broader class that includes less effective members
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes key parameters including carbon chain length (11-13 atoms), double bond positions (4,8-; 4,9-; 4,10-), and geometric configurations (cis/trans isomers), which collectively transform the odor profile from inadequate to highly effective with intense, diverse notes
2Reliability
If higher concentrations of fragrance materials are used to achieve desired odor intensity, then odor strength is improved, but cost and potential environmental impact increase
Solution Approach 1:
The identified alkadienals possess inherently high odor activity due to their specific molecular parameters, allowing achievement of desired odor intensity at extremely low concentrations (parts per billion), thereby resolving the contradiction between intensity and quantity
3Adaptability or versatility
If new fragrance compounds are developed to enhance odor character, then fragrance diversity is improved, but development complexity and synthesis difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent focuses on specific local structural features (double bond positions and geometric configurations at particular locations in the carbon chain) rather than exploring all possible fragrance compound structures, thereby achieving diversity with manageable synthesis complexity
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
A perfume composition comprising an effective amount of at least one alkadienal selected from 4,8-undecadienal and isomers thereof, 4,9-dodecadienal and isomers thereof, and 4,10-tridecadienal and isomers thereof. The isomers of 4,8-undecadienal comprise Z,Z-4,8-undecadienal, E,E-4,8-undecadienal, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,8-undecadienal; the isomers of 4,9-dodecadienal comprise Z,Z-4,9-dodecadienal, E,E-4,9-dodecadienal, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,9- dodecadienal; and the isomers of 4,10-tridecadienal comprise Z,Z-4,10- tridecadienal, E,E-4,10-tridecadienal, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,10- tridecadienal. A composition comprising an effective amount of at least one alkadienal selected from 4,8-undecadienal and isomers thereof, 4,9-dodecadienal and isomers thereof, and 4,10-tridecadienal and isomers thereof. Processes for the preparation of the isomer mixtures of alkadienals are provided. The isomeric alkadienals have a range of fresh, watery, ozone, grapefruit, tangerine, orange peel, aldehydic notes of exceptional strength.