Functionalizable Monolithic Platforms via Itaconic Anhydride Copolymerization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current monolithic materials for separation and purification are often optimized for a single specific application, limiting their versatility and requiring severe conditions for modification, especially when using functional groups like azlactone and epoxy, which have low reactivity.
Innovation Solution
A method for preparing functionalizable monolithic platforms involving the copolymerization of itaconic anhydride with silanol groups and vinyl monomers, followed by amidation or esterification with primary amines or hydroxyl compounds, creating a porous three-dimensional structure with reactive functional groups suitable for various applications.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional monolithic materials are optimized for a single specific application, then separation efficiency is improved, but versatility is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by creating a monolithic platform with itaconic anhydride functional groups that can undergo multiple types of post-polymerization modifications (amidation, esterification, ring-opening reactions) to produce different functional monolithic materials for various separation applications, making a single platform serve multiple functions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary action by incorporating itaconic anhydride groups during the initial polymerization stage, which serve as pre-prepared reactive sites that can be selectively modified later through different chemical reactions (amidation with amines, esterification with alcohols, ring-opening with nucleophiles) to create different functional groups as needed
2Adaptability or versatility
If reactive functional groups like azlactone and epoxy are used for modification, then functionalization capability is improved, but reaction conditions become severe
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by utilizing itaconic anhydride's unique chemical properties - specifically its ability to undergo amidation at mild temperatures (40-80°C) rather than requiring the severe conditions needed for azlactone or epoxy modifications, thus changing the temperature parameter from severe to mild while maintaining high reactivity
3Reliability
If itaconic anhydride is used as the functional monomer, then reactivity is improved, but modification ease is enhanced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the intermediary principle by using itaconic anhydride as a mediator - it is incorporated during polymerization as a latent functional group, then serves as an intermediate that can be selectively transformed into different functional groups (amides, esters, carboxylic acids) through controlled post-polymerization reactions, bridging the gap between polymerization and final functionalization
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for the creation of monolithic materials with adjustable chemical properties, enabling efficient separation and purification across different applications, including chromatography, while utilizing itaconic anhydride's high reactivity to facilitate easier modification and maintain high permeability.
Implementation Method 1
copolymerizing the alkenyl-functionalized silanol groups with itaconic anhydride monomers and a vinyl monomer and/or a crosslinker having at least two vinyl reactive groups in a solvent by adding a suitable initiator for a time and temperature or radiation energy sufficient to thereby complete the copolymerization reaction process
Implementation Method 2
subjecting the porous monolithic material to an amidation or esterification reaction with a primary amine or a hydroxyl compound, respectively, to functionalize the desired organic or bioorganic functional groups on the porous monolithic platform material
Implementation Method 3
subjecting the porous monolithic material to an amidation or esterification reaction with a primary amine or a hydroxyl compound, respectively, to functionalize the desired organic or bioorganic functional groups on the porous monolithic platform material
Implementation Method 4
The main advantage of monolithic materials over porous particles is the presence of interconnected channels forming a continuous network structure. Continuous bed monolithic materials are characterized by a bimodal pore structure having large through-pores that provide monoliths with high permeability
Data Source
AI summary
The method of preparing a functionalizable monolithic platform includes the steps of: functionalizing the silanol groups on a support having silanol groups or the ketone groups on a support having ketone groups with an organic compound having a vinyl group; and copolymerizing the alkenyl-functionalized silanol or ketone groups with itaconic anhydride monomers and vinyl monomers and/or a crosslinker having at least two vinyl reactive groups in a solvent by adding a suitable initiator for a time and temperature or radiation energy sufficient to thereby complete the copolymerization reaction process. The functionalizable monolithic platform has the structural formula:wherein n, m, n′ and m′ are integers greater than 0.