Item Detection Using 3D Feature Planes for Forklift Loading

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing item detection systems struggle to accurately determine the position and posture of items to be loaded and unloaded by industrial vehicles, especially when the vehicle approaches from positions other than the front direction, requiring improved detection methods to facilitate smooth loading and unloading operations.

Innovation Solution

An item detection device and method that utilizes an image acquisition unit to capture surroundings, an information image creation unit to convert relevant information into an easily recognizable state, and a computing unit to calculate the position and posture of the item, allowing detection before the vehicle approaches, using features planes and template matching to enhance accuracy.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If the vehicle approaches the item from the front direction to enable accurate detection, then the detection accuracy is improved, but the operational flexibility and ease of loading/unloading from various directions deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidoperational flexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from 2D image processing to 3D spatial reasoning by introducing a feature plane in three-dimensional space. The back-projection technique projects 2D image coordinates onto this 3D plane, enabling accurate detection regardless of the vehicle's approach direction. This dimensional transformation allows the system to handle items approached from any direction while maintaining detection precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The feature plane-based detection system serves multiple functions: it enables detection from various approach directions (front, side, rear), works with items at different positions and orientations, and facilitates both positioning and orientation determination. This universal detection capability eliminates the need for separate detection systems for different operational scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If the vehicle approaches close to the item for detection, then the detection precision is improved, but the time required for detection and positioning increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveposition detection precisionVSAvoiddetection time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary detection and computes the feature plane and item parameters before the vehicle needs to approach the item closely. By using back-projection from distant 2D images to determine 3D position and orientation in advance, the vehicle can plan its approach trajectory efficiently without time-consuming close-range detection adjustments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical close-range detection with optical back-projection computation. Instead of requiring the vehicle to physically approach the item for accurate sensing, the system uses computational geometry to infer precise 3D position and orientation from 2D images captured from a distance, substituting mechanical movement with mathematical transformation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Device complexity

If conventional 2D image processing is used for item detection, then the system complexity is reduced, but the ability to accurately determine position and posture deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem complexityVSAvoidposition and posture determination accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The feature plane acts as an intermediary between 2D image data and 3D item parameters. Instead of directly extracting 3D information from 2D images or using complex multi-camera systems, the patent introduces this virtual 3D plane as a mediator that enables accurate position and posture determination through back-projection, maintaining relative system simplicity while achieving high measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3943880B1Item detection device, item detection method, and industrial vehicle
Publication Date: 2026.03.18 TOYOTA INDUSTRIES CORP
  • EP3943880B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3943880B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3943880B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

There is provided an item detection device that detects an item to be loaded and unloaded and includes an image acquisition unit acquiring a surrounding image obtained by capturing surroundings of the item detection device, an information image creation unit creating an information image, in which information related to a part to be loaded and unloaded in the item has been converted into an easily recognizable state, on the basis of the surrounding image, and a computing unit computing at least one of a position and a posture of the part to be loaded and unloaded on the basis of the information image.