J-Type Battery Pack Air Cooling for Uniform Temperature Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Air-based battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles face challenges such as non-uniform heat dissipation, contamination from external cooling air, potential noise or vibration, and difficulty in maintaining optimal temperature control, especially under changing working conditions and for large battery packs.
Innovation Solution
The introduction of a J-type battery thermal management system with two fluid outlets and control valves, allowing for adaptive control of the flow field to provide optimal cooling strategies, and a controller system that switches between U-mode, Z-mode, and J-mode based on temperature differences to ensure uniform temperature distribution across the battery pack.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If air-based cooling is used for battery thermal management, then the system achieves lightweight and simple structure, but non-uniform heat dissipation occurs across the battery pack
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into multiple cooling channels with independent flow control. Each channel is equipped with adjustable flow resistance elements that allow independent regulation of cooling flow distribution, enabling uniform temperature control across different battery regions while maintaining a relatively simple overall air-cooled structure
Solution Approach 2:
The system employs dynamically adjustable flow resistance in each cooling channel through control valves or variable restrictors. This dynamic adjustment capability allows the system to adapt to changing thermal conditions and maintain uniform heat dissipation across the battery pack, resolving the contradiction between structural simplicity and temperature uniformity
2Device complexity
If external air is used for cooling, then the system remains simple and open, but contamination from external cooling air becomes a problem
Solution Approach 1:
A controlled plenum chamber serves as an intermediary space between the external environment and the battery cooling channels. This plenum allows for filtered air distribution and controlled flow management, reducing contamination risks while maintaining the simplicity of the air-cooled architecture through a single integrated cooling manifold system
3Device complexity
If traditional single outlet cooling is used, then the structure is simple, but adaptive control under changing working conditions becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The cooling system is segmented into multiple independent channels, each with its own outlet and flow control mechanism. This segmentation enables independent adjustment of cooling flow to different battery regions, providing adaptive control capability under varying working conditions while maintaining relatively simple individual channel structures
Solution Approach 2:
Each cooling channel outlet is equipped with dynamically controllable flow resistance elements that can be adjusted in real-time based on thermal sensor feedback. This dynamic control capability allows the system to adapt to changing battery thermal conditions, load variations, and environmental factors, resolving the contradiction between structural simplicity and adaptive control versatility
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The J-type system enhances cooling flexibility and efficiency, maintaining optimal battery temperatures while reducing noise and vibration, and is capable of real-time adjustments to meet changing battery conditions, thereby improving the overall thermal management and safety of lithium-ion batteries.
Implementation Method 1
Air-based battery thermal management systems
Implementation Method 2
intake port coupleable to a source of cooling fluid; first and second exhaust ports
Data Source
AI summary
Provided, in one aspect, is a battery pack. The battery pack, in accordance with this aspect, includes an enclosure. The battery pack, in accordance with this aspect, further includes an intake port attached to a first section of the enclosure, the intake port coupleable to a source of cooling fluid, a first exhaust port attached to a third section of the enclosure and a second exhaust port coupled to a fourth section of the enclosure. The battery pack of this aspect further includes a first set of battery cells located within the enclosure in the first and third sections, the first set of battery cells separated by one or more first fluid passageways and a second set of battery cells located within the enclosure in a second and the fourth sections, the second set of battery cells separated by one or more second fluid passageways.