Horizontal Jet-Mechanical Rock Breaking Test Device
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current TBM tunneling technologies face inefficiencies in hard rock with high abrasiveness and large buried depth, leading to reduced penetration rates, increased cutter wear, and higher costs due to a lack of effective methods to combine water jet and mechanical cutting, and a scarcity of test devices simulating actual tunneling conditions.
Innovation Solution
A horizontal jet-mechanical combined rock breaking test device with a multi-mode cutter head that advances and rotates horizontally, allowing for adjustable jet nozzle and mechanical cutter positions, simulating TBM tunneling conditions and enabling comprehensive research on jet-mechanical rock breaking modes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional TBM drilling and blasting methods are used, then construction safety is maintained, but tunneling efficiency is reduced in hard rock with high abrasiveness and large buried depth
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines water jet cutting technology with mechanical cutter technology to create a hybrid rock breaking system. The water jet nozzle and mechanical cutter are integrated on the same cutter head, allowing both fluid jet and mechanical cutting actions to work simultaneously on the rock face, thereby improving tunneling efficiency while maintaining safety through controlled, assisted breaking rather than conventional blasting
Solution Approach 2:
The water jet acts as an intermediary substance that pre-softens and fractures the hard rock before the mechanical cutter contacts it. This intermediary water jet layer reduces the direct mechanical stress on the cutter and the rock structure, enabling more efficient and safer tunneling through hard rock formations
2Ease of manufacture
If TBM construction technology is applied in hard rock regions, then construction cost is reduced, but hob penetration decreases and cutter wear increases
Solution Approach 1:
The water jet performs preliminary action by eroding and fracturing the hard rock surface before the mechanical cutter arrives. This pre-processing reduces the hardness and abrasiveness of the rock face, thereby reducing cutter wear and extending cutter life while maintaining cost-effective construction
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces pure mechanical cutting with a combined system where water jet (fluid mechanics) performs part of the rock breaking function. This substitution reduces the mechanical load on the cutters, decreasing wear and extending their operational life while maintaining construction cost-effectiveness
3Productivity
If jet-mechanical combined rock breaking is implemented, then rock breaking efficiency is improved, but test device complexity increases due to lack of standardized testing equipment
Solution Approach 1:
The test device is designed with multi-functionality, incorporating both water jet cutting components and mechanical cutter components on a single cutter head assembly. This universal design allows the same device to test various combinations of jet and mechanical cutting parameters, reducing the need for multiple separate test devices and simplifying the overall testing system
Solution Approach 2:
The test device incorporates adjustable and movable components, including a rotatable cutter head and positionable water jet nozzles, allowing dynamic configuration of testing parameters. This dynamic design enables the same physical device to adapt to various test scenarios, reducing complexity compared to rigid, purpose-specific testing equipment
4Adaptability or versatility
If multi-mode cutter head with adjustable jet nozzles and mechanical cutters is used, then research versatility is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The cutter head is segmented into modular components, with separate water jet nozzle modules and mechanical cutter modules that can be independently adjusted and configured. This segmentation allows researchers to selectively combine different numbers and types of cutting elements, achieving high versatility while managing complexity through modular design
Solution Approach 2:
The cutter head incorporates dynamic adjustment mechanisms that allow real-time reconfiguration of nozzle positions, cutter positions, and their relative orientations. This dynamic capability enables the same physical structure to accommodate multiple research scenarios, achieving versatility without proportionally increasing structural complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device effectively simulates TBM tunneling processes, providing a practical and efficient means to study optimal rock breaking modes and parameters, reducing test preparation time, and facilitating the industrial application of jet-mechanical combined rock breaking technology.
Implementation Method 1
a high-pressure water jet is used to erode and fracture the rock sample
Implementation Method 2
a high-pressure water jet is used to erode and fracture the rock sample
Implementation Method 3
mechanical cutters are used to cut the rock sample
Implementation Method 4
mechanical cutters are used to cut the rock sample
Data Source
AI summary
A horizontal jet-mechanical combined rock breaking test device and method. The device includes a horizontal base. One end of the horizontal base is provided with a multi-mode cutter head. A jet-mechanical combined cutter is provided on the multi-mode cutter head. The other end of the horizontal base is provided with a surrounding rock stress simulation bin for loading a rock sample. The multi-mode cutter head is connected to a driving mechanism, and the multi-mode cutter head is configured to advance and rotate horizontally along the horizontal base under the action of the driving mechanism, so that the jet-mechanical combined cutter is capable of acting on the rock sample.