Joint Transformer Model for LoS and Clinical Intervention Prediction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional systems fail to effectively predict the Length of Stay (LoS) and critical interventions for patients independently, despite their interdependence, leading to inefficient resource management in hospitals.

Innovation Solution

A transformer-based Neural Network (NN) model utilizing Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) layers processes unstructured clinical notes and structured medical attributes to jointly predict LoS and Type of Intervention (ToI), employing a joint loss function to enhance performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If independent ML models are used to predict LoS and clinical interventions separately, then each model can be trained and optimized independently, but the predictive performance deteriorates due to missed interdependencies between the two tasks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepredictive performanceVSAvoidmodel architecture complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges two separate prediction tasks (Length of Stay prediction and Clinical Intervention prediction) into a single joint neural network model. The model processes both tasks simultaneously using shared layers and a unified loss function, capturing the interdependencies between LoS and clinical interventions that independent models would miss. This resolving of the technical contradiction shows that while the model architecture becomes more complex, the predictive performance improves significantly due to the ability to model relationships between the two prediction targets.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Productivity

If manual interventions based hospital management is used, then resource allocation can be adjusted flexibly, but productivity and efficiency deteriorate due to time-consuming manual processes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresource management efficiencyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual hospital management interventions with an automated neural network-based predictive system. The model processes patient data, predicts LoS and clinical interventions, and provides recommendations for resource allocation. This substitution of mechanical manual processes with an automated intelligent system significantly improves productivity and resource management efficiency, while the system complexity is managed through modular architecture and integration with existing hospital information systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Quantity of substance

If ICU facilities are expanded to handle more patients, then patient care capacity increases, but cost increases due to the high expense of setting up and maintaining these facilities

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepatient care capacityVSAvoidoperating cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary prediction of patient LoS and clinical intervention needs before actual resource allocation occurs. By predicting which patients will require ICU care and for how long, hospital administrators can proactively allocate resources in advance rather than reacting to actual patient needs after they arise. This preliminary action enables optimized resource planning that increases effective ICU capacity utilization without requiring physical expansion of facilities, thereby increasing patient care capacity while controlling operating costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentUS12525341B2Transformer-based neural network for jointly predicting length of stay and critical interventions for patients
Publication Date: 2026.01.13 TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LTD
  • US12525341B2 patent drawing
  • US12525341B2 patent drawing
  • US12525341B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Currently systems for Length of Stay (LoS) and clinical interventions for patients work independent of each other. However, they are highly interdependent decisions for overall medical predictions for patients. Embodiments disclosed provide a method and system for transformer-based Neural Network (NN) for jointly predicting LoS and critical interventions for patients admitted to medical facilities. A joint NN model, comprising Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model as one of the layers, processes first day clinical notes, available in an unstructured data format, and a plurality of medical attributes of the patient available in a structured data. Further, the joint NN model jointly predicts s (a) the LoS of the patient into one of the classes comprising LONG and SHORT and (b) a Type of Intervention (ToI) for the patient into one among a plurality of classes with each class of the ToI comprising a list of critical clinical interventions.