Josephson Amplifier Integration on Printed Circuit Boards
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Solution Overview
Problem
The integration of Josephson amplifiers and mixers into superconducting quantum processors is impractical when packaged individually due to the need for large numbers of quantum-limited amplifiers, leading to challenges in scalability, cost, modularity, and crosstalk control in large-scale quantum processors.
Innovation Solution
The integration of Josephson-based microwave circuits into printed circuit boards (PCBs) allows for enhanced flexibility, reduced cost, increased modularity, and simplified couplings, enabling high-density placement of Josephson amplifiers and mixers, while controlling crosstalk through microwave techniques like vias and different metallic layers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If Josephson amplifiers and mixers are packaged individually, then each component can be optimized for performance, but scalability and modularity are compromised due to the large numbers required in large-scale quantum processors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple Josephson amplifiers and mixers into a single integrated circuit package, allowing individual component optimization while achieving the required density for large-scale quantum processors. The integration enables multiple quantum-limited amplifiers to coexist in one package with controlled crosstalk, resolving the contradiction between performance optimization and scalability.
2Measurement precision
If large numbers of quantum-limited amplifiers are used, then signal-to-noise ratio is improved, but crosstalk control and device complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple Josephson amplifiers are integrated into a single package with carefully designed isolation structures that control crosstalk between components. This allows the system to benefit from having multiple quantum-limited amplifiers for improved signal-to-noise ratio while managing the complexity of crosstalk control through integrated design.
Solution Approach 2:
The integration package employs localized isolation structures and specific spatial arrangements of amplifiers and mixers to control crosstalk in critical regions. By optimizing the local quality and positioning of components, the system achieves high signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining manageable device complexity.
3Adaptability or versatility
If Josephson amplifiers are integrated into PCBs, then scalability and modularity are improved, but manufacturing precision and assembly difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates Josephson amplifiers, mixers, and interconnections into a single PCB-mounted package, improving scalability and modularity. The integrated design consolidates multiple components and their interconnections into one manufacturable unit, reducing the precision requirements for assembling multiple separate components while maintaining performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the scalable integration of Josephson amplifiers and mixers on PCBs, reducing chip modes, improving thermalization, and facilitating the construction of sophisticated microwave devices like Josephson directional amplifiers, thereby supporting the development of large-scale quantum processors.
Implementation Method 1
Josephson parametric amplifiers are high-gain, low-noise amplifiers that are used in the readout of qubits and the measurement of quantum systems. A Josephson ring modulator (JRM) is a nonlinear dispersive element based on Josephson tunnel junctions that can perform three-wave mixing of microwave signals at the quantum limit.
Data Source
AI summary
An aspect includes one or more board layers. A first chip cavity is formed within the one or more board layers, wherein a first Josephson amplifier or Josephson mixer is disposed within the first chip cavity. The first Josephson amplifier or Josephson mixer comprises at least one port, each port connected to at least one connector disposed on at least one of the one or more board layers, wherein at least one of the one or more board layers comprises a circuit trace formed on the at least one of the one or more board layers.