2-Keto Carboxylic Acid Fermentation Purity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current chemical synthesis methods for 2-keto carboxylic acids, such as 2-ketoisovaleric acid, involve high temperatures, toxic reagents like CrO3, and environmentally hazardous solvents, and lack efficient methods for high-purity preparation through fermentation.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a fermentation step using microorganisms like Corynebacterium glutamicum, followed by ion exchange, extraction, distillation, and purification processes to obtain 2-keto carboxylic acids with high purity, avoiding the use of toxic chemicals and hazardous solvents.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If chemical synthesis is used to prepare 2-keto carboxylic acids, then the production process is established and scalable, but the process uses toxic CrO3, high temperatures, and environmentally hazardous solvents

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovemanufacturabilityVSAvoidenvironmental harm
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the chemical synthesis system (using CrO3 oxidation and saponification) with a biological system (fermentation using microorganisms like Corynebacterium glutamicum). This substitution eliminates the need for toxic chemicals and hazardous solvents while maintaining scalability and manufacturability through industrial fermentation processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental parameters of the synthesis process by shifting from chemical reagents to biological catalysts (enzymes in microorganisms). The fermentation process operates under milder conditions (ambient temperature, aqueous environment) compared to the harsh chemical synthesis conditions, thereby eliminating environmental harm while preserving manufacturability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-affected harmful factors

If fermentation is used to produce 2-keto carboxylic acids, then environmental harm is reduced, but the method for high-purity preparation and isolation has not been described

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental harmVSAvoidpurity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the fermentation broth into different components and applies specific separation techniques for each. The purification process is segmented into multiple steps: initial filtration to remove cell debris, ion exchange to separate 2-keto carboxylic acids from other organic acids, and final crystallization to achieve high purity. This segmented approach enables high-purity preparation while maintaining the environmental benefits of fermentation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses ion exchange resins as intermediary substances to separate 2-keto carboxylic acids from the fermentation broth. The resins act as mediators that selectively bind to the keto-acids, allowing them to be separated from other organic acids and impurities, thereby achieving high purity without compromising the environmental advantages of the fermentation process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Manufacturing precision

If multiple purification steps are applied to fermentation broth, then purity is improved, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovepurityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple purification functions into an integrated process flow. The ion exchange step simultaneously performs separation and concentration functions, while the crystallization step achieves both purification and product recovery. This merging of functions reduces the number of separate equipment units needed and simplifies the overall process complexity while maintaining high purity standards.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method achieves high-purity 2-keto carboxylic acids with yields of at least 50% and purities exceeding 90%, reducing environmental impact and operational costs compared to traditional chemical synthesis.

Implementation Method 1

a fermentation step wherein a microorganism is grown in a culture medium in order to provide a culture broth containing 2-keto carboxylic acid or a salt thereof

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFermentation: Fermentation

Implementation Method 2

subjecting the fermentation broth obtained in step a) to ion exchange

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon exchange: Ion Exchange

Implementation Method 3

subjecting the fermentation broth obtained in step a) to one or more steps chosen from the group consisting of ion exchange, extraction process, distillation process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDistillation: Distillation

Data Source

PatentUS9879289B2Method for the preparation of 2-keto carboxylic acid
Publication Date: 2018.01.30 EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH

AI summary

The present invention refers to a method for the preparation of 2-keto carboxylic acid having the general formula R1—CO—COOH, wherein R1 is a branched alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof, comprising a fermentation step wherein a microorganism is grown in a culture medium in order to provide a culture broth containing 2-keto carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.