S-1,3-butanediol Esters for Sustained Ketone Release

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for inducing ketosis, such as fasting or ketogenic diets, can be challenging to maintain for extended periods and may have undesirable side effects from different forms of ketone bodies, including salt, ester, and free acid forms, which limit the administration of higher doses due to side effects like electrolyte imbalances and acidity.

Innovation Solution

The development of compositions comprising mono- or di-esters of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-1,3-butanediol, which provide a controlled and sustained release of ketone bodies, allowing for higher doses while minimizing side effects through a 'stacked' mixture of different ketone body forms, optimizing pharmacokinetic profiles for prolonged ketosis.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If higher doses of ketone bodies are administered, then the effectiveness of inducing and sustaining ketosis is improved, but side effects such as electrolyte imbalances and acidity increase

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedose of ketone bodiesVSAvoidside effects (electrolyte imbalances, acidity)

Core Design Contradiction:

Quantity of substanceVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical form of ketone body administration from salts, esters, and free acids to diketone compounds. This parameter change in molecular structure eliminates the harmful side effects of electrolyte imbalances and acidity while maintaining the therapeutic effectiveness of inducing ketosis at higher doses

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the potentially harmful high-dose ketone body administration into a beneficial therapy by using diketone compounds that naturally avoid the harmful side effects. The harmful factors (electrolyte imbalances, acidity) are eliminated while the beneficial effect (ketosis induction) is enhanced

Inventive Principle:

Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Reliability

If conventional forms of ketone bodies (salt, ester, free acid) are used, then ketosis can be induced, but the administration is limited by side effects

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveketosis inductionVSAvoidadministration flexibility

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the harmful components (electrolyte-related properties, acidic groups) from the ketone body administration while retaining the core functionality of inducing ketosis. The diketone compound structure removes the problematic salt and acid components that cause side effects

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a new molecular copy (diketone compound) that replicates the beneficial therapeutic effect of ketone bodies while eliminating the harmful characteristics. This copied structure achieves ketosis induction without the limitations of conventional forms

Inventive Principle:

Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

These compositions enable sustained elevated blood levels of ketone bodies, reducing side effects and allowing for higher doses, thereby improving metabolic function, cognitive performance, and overall health benefits, including weight loss, improved mental alertness, and reduced inflammation.

Implementation Method 1

S-1,3-butanediol is converted to S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, which can modify metabolic function in its free form and/or may be converted endogenously into R-beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, fatty acids, and/or sterols

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectMetabolic transformation: Fermentation

Implementation Method 2

Upon administration of a mono- or di-ester, S-1,3-butanediol is cleaved from the ketone body component by hydrolysis

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectHydrolysis: Hydrolysis

Data Source

PatentUS11786499B2Ketone body esters of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or S-1,3-butanediol for modifying metabolic function

Publication Date: 2023.10.17 AXCESS GLOBAL SCIENCES LLC

AI summary

Compositions and methods for producing elevated blood levels of ketone bodies and modifying metabolic function in a mammal. Compositions include at least one ester of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or a mono- or di-ester of S-1,3-butanediol and at least one ketone body component. The ketone body component includes beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, or both. The beta-hydroxybutyrate is R-beta-hydroxybutyrate, S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, or both. When the ketone body component is S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, the 1,3-butanediol is R-1,3-butanediol, S-1,3-butanediol, or both. Compositions may comprise a keto stack of multiple forms of ketone bodies.