Kinematic Navigation Device for EVD Placement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current surgical navigation systems for EVD placement lack real-time feedback and are costly, making them unsuitable for underserved regions with limited access to preoperative diagnostic imaging and neurosurgeons.
Innovation Solution
A surgical navigation system comprising a kinematic navigation device with a base fixed to the patient's skull and an effector for guiding the EVD, utilizing a registration process with encoders and a ball plunger switch for real-time navigation and minimal training requirements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If surgical navigation systems are used for EVD placement, then placement precision is improved, but system cost and complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The navigation system is divided into separate functional modules: a registration module for coordinate system alignment, a tracking module for real-time position monitoring, and a guidance module for trajectory visualization. This segmentation allows each module to be optimized independently and simplifies the overall system architecture, making it more suitable for resource-limited settings while maintaining high placement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The system introduces a registration module as an intermediary that establishes coordinate transformation between the patient's anatomical landmarks and the preoperative imaging data. This intermediary layer enables accurate navigation without requiring direct complex integration between imaging systems and surgical tools, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining measurement precision.
2Measurement precision
If surgical navigation systems are used for EVD placement, then placement precision is improved, but system cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system employs disposable sterile adapter components and single-use registration tools that eliminate the need for expensive sterilization infrastructure and reduce infection risk. These disposable elements are integrated into a reusable navigation platform, significantly reducing the overall cost of the system while maintaining high placement precision through consistent, factory-calibrated components.
Solution Approach 2:
The navigation system incorporates automated registration algorithms and real-time tracking that reduce dependency on highly trained personnel for manual registration procedures. The system performs self-calibration and provides automated guidance, reducing the need for expensive specialized training and personnel while maintaining accurate EVD placement.
3Productivity
If freehand approach is used for EVD placement, then operation speed is improved, but placement accuracy deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preoperative registration of anatomical landmarks and pre-planning of the EVD trajectory before the actual surgical procedure. This preliminary action allows the surgeon to quickly follow a pre-determined accurate path during surgery, maintaining high operation speed while ensuring precise placement through advance preparation of the navigation data and guidance pathways.
4Measurement precision
If stereotactic navigation with cameras or electromagnetic fields is used, then real-time position measurement is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system replaces complex electromagnetic field-based tracking with a simplified optical tracking mechanism using markers and cameras. This substitution maintains real-time position measurement capability while significantly reducing system complexity and cost, making the technology accessible in resource-limited settings while preserving accurate real-time navigation throughout the EVD placement procedure.
Data Source
AI summary
In one aspect, a navigation device includes a plurality of link, wherein adjacent links are rotatably coupled. The navigation device includes a plurality of encoders. A base extends outwardly from a first link of the plurality of links, wherein a first encoder of the plurality of encoders is coupled to the base. A threaded bolt is rotatably coupled to the base, wherein the threaded bolt is configured to rigidly fix the base to an anatomy of a patient. A housing is coupled to a second link of the plurality of links, wherein the housing surrounds a processor, a memory, and a communications module.