Semi-Trailer Kingpin Coupling with Integrated Utility Routing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing coupling systems for semi-trailers and tractors face issues with safety, operating reliability, and construction complexity due to exposed distribution lines, which increase the risk of accidental contacts and mechanical stresses, leading to higher costs and weight.
Innovation Solution
The coupling device features distribution lines with a proximal length extending to the kingpin, an intermediate length passing through the semi-trailer's rest plane, and a distal length extending into the chassis, forming a loop to compensate for angular rotations, along with a connector system that minimizes mechanical constraints and stress during operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If distribution lines are manually connected and disconnected using helical coil cables, then ease of operation is reduced, but device complexity is avoided
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling system performs automatic connection and disconnection of distribution lines without operator intervention. The connector automatically engages with the coupling member during coupling, and automatically disconnects during uncoupling, making the system serve itself rather than requiring manual operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the mechanical coupling function with the electrical/pneumatic connection function into a single integrated system. The connector carrying distribution lines is merged with the coupling member, so that one mechanical action simultaneously achieves both mechanical engagement and connection of utility lines.
2Device complexity
If distribution lines pass through the kingpin, then device complexity is reduced, but structural strength of the kingpin deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The distribution lines are extracted from the kingpin structure and relocated to the coupling member. This removes the harmful effect of line passages weakening the kingpin while maintaining the functional requirement of routing distribution lines through the coupling system.
Solution Approach 2:
The coupling system is segmented into distinct functional components: the kingpin for mechanical support and engagement, and the coupling member for utility connections. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function without compromising the other.
3Ease of operation
If exposed coiled portions of distribution lines are provided, then ease of operation is improved for manual connection, but safety deteriorates due to risk of accidental contacts
Solution Approach 1:
The system eliminates the need for manual handling of exposed cables by implementing automatic connection. The distributor and connector automatically engage during coupling, eliminating the safety hazard of exposed coiled portions while maintaining operational functionality.
4Adaptability or versatility
If mechanical coupling system retains the kingpin with free rotation capability, then adaptability is improved for following bends, but reliability deteriorates due to backlash and relative shiftings
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling member is designed to rotate freely around the kingpin's geometric axis, providing dynamic adaptability to follow vehicle bends and articulation movements while maintaining continuous electrical and pneumatic connectivity through the rotating connection.
Data Source
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AI summary
A device for coupling a semi-trailer to a tractor comprises a knuckle pin or kingpin (2) having an anchoring portion (3) adapted to be fixed to a semi-trailer chassis and a head (8) projecting downwards relative to a rest plane of the semi-trailer, to be operatively engaged by the fifth wheel of the tractor, a coupling member rotatably engaged around a geometric axis (X) of the kingpin (2) and carrying connecting terminals (16) of a feeding line from the tractor, distribution lines (15) each extending from one of the connecting terminals (16) and each connectable to a user device of the semi-trailer. Each distribution line (15) has a proximal length (18) extending from the respective connecting terminal (16) towards the kingpin (2), an intermediate length (20) rising up on the continuation of the proximal length (18) to pass through the rest plane of the semi-trailer on the fifth wheel, and a distal length (19) connectable to the user, extending in the continuation of the intermediate length (20) away from the kingpin (2).