Knock Sensor THD Analysis for Engine Component Health

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Solution Overview

Problem

Component failure in reciprocating devices like combustion engines can cause costly damage if not detected early, as existing methods lack effective means to monitor component health before failure occurs.

Innovation Solution

A method and system using knock sensors to derive total harmonic distortion (THD) from engine components, comparing it against a threshold value to determine if the component is nearing failure, and providing a user alert to prevent further damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional knock sensor monitoring methods are used, then the system can detect engine knock, but it cannot effectively detect component wear or predict component failure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent failure detection capabilityVSAvoidcomponent health monitoring precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transforms the knock sensor signal analysis from traditional time-domain or simple frequency-domain methods to total harmonic distortion (THD) parameter analysis. By calculating THD across multiple frequency bands and comparing it to reference values, the system can detect subtle changes in component condition that indicate wear or impending failure, thereby improving reliability without requiring additional sensors

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical diagnostic methods (such as vibration analysis with dedicated vibration sensors) with an electrical signal processing approach using existing knock sensor data. By substituting complex mechanical diagnostic systems with electronic THD analysis of knock sensor signals, the system achieves component health monitoring capability while maintaining system simplicity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If component monitoring systems are added to detect wear, then reliability improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent health monitoringVSAvoidmonitoring system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the existing knock sensor serve multiple functions: traditional knock detection and new component wear monitoring. By processing the knock sensor signal through THD analysis, the single sensor performs dual diagnostic roles, improving reliability without adding monitoring system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses the knock sensor's own signal for component health monitoring rather than requiring separate diagnostic sensors. The knock sensor signal, originally intended only for knock detection, is repurposed to provide component wear information through THD analysis, allowing the system to self-monitor without external assistance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables early detection of component wear or failure, allowing for timely replacement or repair, thereby reducing the risk of costly damage to the engine.

Implementation Method 1

A signal is received from a knock sensor coupled to a reciprocating device. In one embodiment, the knock sensor is piezoelectric.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3056887B1Methods and systems to derive engine component health using total harmonic distortion in a knock sensor signal
Publication Date: 2019.08.21 AI ALPINE US BIDCO INC
  • EP3056887B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3056887B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3056887B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method 110 of deriving reciprocating device 12 component health includes receiving 114 a signal from a knock sensor coupled to a reciprocating device 12, deriving 118 total harmonic distortion (THD) at one or more frequencies, and determining 120 whether the derived THD exceeds a threshold value.