Kojibiose Prebiotic Composition for Intestinal Flora Modulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Parabacteroides bacteria are not commonly used as probiotics, and their safety and passage through the gastrointestinal tract are unknown, while bifidobacteria are difficult to reach the intestine when orally ingested, necessitating a means to increase their relative abundance in the intestinal flora effectively.
Innovation Solution
A composition comprising kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar, such as galactosylkojibiose, is used to promote the growth of Parabacteroides and Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine, potentially treating conditions like inflammation, obesity, and improving intestinal flora.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If Parabacteroides bacteria are used as probiotics, then the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria is promoted, but the safety and passage through gastrointestinal tract are unknown
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses prebiotic substances (kojibiose, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides) as intermediaries to indirectly promote the growth of Parabacteroides bacteria instead of directly administering the bacteria themselves. This mediator approach allows the beneficial effects to be achieved while avoiding the unknown safety issues of direct probiotic administration.
2Quantity of substance
If bifidobacteria are orally ingested, then the growth of beneficial bacteria is intended, but they are difficult to reach the intestine
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs prebiotic substances as intermediaries that selectively stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine without requiring the bacteria to survive passage through the upper gastrointestinal tract. The prebiotics serve as food sources that enable in-situ proliferation of the beneficial bacteria.
Solution Approach 2:
The prebiotic substances are administered in advance to prepare the intestinal environment, creating favorable conditions for Bifidobacterium bacteria growth before the bacteria need to be present. This preliminary preparation of the environment allows the bacteria to thrive once they reach the intestine.
3Quantity of substance
If prebiotic substances are administered, then the growth of target bacteria is promoted, but the complexity of the composition increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure parameters of oligosaccharides by introducing deoxy and amino substitutions at specific positions. This parameter change approach allows the creation of novel prebiotics with enhanced specificity for target bacteria while maintaining a relatively simple molecular framework.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite prebiotic structures by combining different sugar units (glucose, galactose, fructose) with specific linkages and substitutions. These composite oligosaccharide structures provide multiple functional groups that can interact with different bacterial receptors, enhancing the effectiveness of the composition.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition effectively increases the abundance of Parabacteroides and Bifidobacterium bacteria, treating conditions such as inflammation, obesity, and promoting mineral absorption by enhancing their growth in the intestinal flora.
Implementation Method 1
kojibiose has a growth-promoting effect on bifidobacteria
Implementation Method 2
a specific fraction selectively promotes the growth of Parabacteroides goldsteinii
Implementation Method 3
when short-chain fatty acids are produced, the pH in the large intestine decreases, resulting in increased solubility of minerals
Implementation Method 4
increased solubility of minerals, which facilitates their passage through mucosal cells and promotes their absorption
Implementation Method 5
administration of P. distasonis to HFD-fed mice increased lithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, dramatically altered bile acid profiles
Implementation Method 6
P. distasonis membrane fraction (PdMb) strongly suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines in colon cancer cell lines
Implementation Method 7
pentaacyl-type lipopolysaccharides, cell wall components of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, antagonize the activation of TLR4 receptors by inflammatory hexaacyl-type lipopolysaccharides
Data Source
AI summary
The object is to increase the relative abundances of Parabacteroides bacteria and Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal flora. A composition for improvement of intestinal flora is provided, which comprises any selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar.