Large-Scale Antenna Array Beam Domain Division for Spectral Efficiency
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current mobile communication systems, such as LTE, face challenges in achieving high spectral efficiency and power efficiency due to limited utilization of radio resources, particularly at the cell edge, necessitating the development of new techniques to support green broadband mobile communication.
Innovation Solution
A wireless communication method utilizing a large-scale antenna array that exploits beam domain characteristics to achieve high-efficiency communication by deploying a large-scale antenna array at the base station, implementing beam domain division of spatial resources, and using multi-beam forming techniques to schedule users and allocate beam sets for efficient data transmission.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the number of antennas at the base station is increased from four to eight in LTE-Advanced, then spectral efficiency is improved, but the required transmitting power remains high and spectral efficiency is still low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the spatial resources by dividing the coverage area into multiple beam domains. Each beam domain serves specific users with dedicated beamforming, allowing the system to efficiently utilize spatial dimensions without requiring excessive transmitting power. This segmentation enables multi-user SDMA transmission where different users in different spatial directions can be served simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from traditional time-frequency resource allocation to three-dimensional resource allocation by adding the spatial dimension through beam domain division. This allows the system to exploit spatial multiplexing gains and serve multiple users simultaneously in different spatial directions, significantly improving spectral efficiency without proportionally increasing transmitting power.
2Adaptability or versatility
If traditional multi-antenna wireless transmission technology is used with limited antennas, then device complexity is kept low, but radio resources are not thoroughly utilized
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the large-scale antenna array into multiple beam domains, each handling specific spatial directions. This segmentation allows the system to thoroughly utilize radio resources by serving multiple users in different spatial directions simultaneously, while managing complexity through modular beam domain processing rather than handling all antennas centrally.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces beam domain as an additional dimension for resource allocation, transforming the traditional two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid into a three-dimensional space including spatial beam domains. This enables comprehensive utilization of radio resources across time, frequency, and spatial dimensions without proportionally increasing device complexity.
3Productivity
If beam domain division is implemented with large-scale antenna array, then spectral efficiency and power efficiency are significantly improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the beam domain processing into independent modules for each beam domain. Each beam domain can be processed separately with dedicated channel estimation, user scheduling, and data transmission/reception. This modular segmentation improves spectral efficiency through multi-user SDMA while managing system complexity through distributed, independent processing units.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary beam domain channel estimation and user scheduling before actual data transmission. By pre-establishing beam domain channel information and identifying suitable users for each beam domain, the system achieves high spectral efficiency through informed resource allocation, while reducing real-time processing complexity by performing these operations in advance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances spectral efficiency, reduces power consumption, and improves transmission reliability by adaptive beam management, allowing for multi-user SDMA transmission with reduced complexity and cost-effective channel information acquisition, applicable to both TDD and FDD systems.
Implementation Method 1
deploying a large-scale antenna array at the base station side for wireless communication, wherein, the antenna array is composed of tens of antenna units arranged at an interval at the magnitude of half wavelength, can be an one-dimensional or two-dimensional array, and can form tens of beam coverage over the area covered by the base station
Implementation Method 2
accomplishing beam domain division of spatial resources at the base station side with an analog multi-beam forming network or a digital domain multi-beam forming method, wherein, the base station carries out wireless communication with multiple users with the same time-frequency resource
Data Source
AI summary
A wireless communication method utilizes a large-scale antenna array, which is deployed at the base station and can be a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array and can form tens of beams over the area covered by the base station. The communications method utilizes beam domain division of spatial resources at the base station side utilizing an analog multi-beam forming network or a digital domain multi-beam forming method. The base station carries out wireless communication with multiple users with the same time frequency resource and with the communications process implemented in the beam domain. Scheduling is accomplished through the utilization of a deterministic unitary matrix to form beams. The unitary matrix is a correlation matrix of interference that includes a channel characteristics mode energy coupling matrix, the beam allocation providing beam sets of different users that are non-overlapping to distinguish users in the beam domain.