Laser Ablation Head with Rotating Prism for Precise Beam Scanning

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current laser ablation tools face challenges in restricted areas like gas turbine engines due to fragility and limited control of MEMS devices and fixed diffractive optical elements, which restrict precise ablation and beam intensity.

Innovation Solution

A laser ablation tool utilizing a pulsed laser source coupled with a rotating prism and moveable mirror, mounted on a borescope or flexible arm, allowing for controlled beam scanning and increased area coverage through a combination of optical fibre and movable optics.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If a MEMS device is used to manipulate the laser beam, then beam control capability is improved, but device fragility and reliability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam control capabilityVSAvoiddevice fragility
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical MEMS device with an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) that uses acoustic waves to diffract and control the laser beam. This substitution eliminates fragile moving mechanical parts while maintaining beam manipulation capability through acoustic field control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an acousto-optic modulator as an intermediary device between the laser source and the workpiece. The AOM uses sound waves as a mediator to control the laser beam path and intensity, avoiding direct mechanical contact and reducing fragility issues.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Shape

If a fixed diffractive optical element is used, then beam shaping capability is improved, but adaptability and on-the-fly adjustment capability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam profileVSAvoidon-the-fly adjustment capability
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the fixed diffractive optical element with an acousto-optic modulator that can dynamically change its diffraction pattern in real-time by adjusting the acoustic frequency and amplitude. This enables on-the-fly adjustment of beam profile and position without physical reconfiguration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes the ability to change acoustic parameters (frequency, amplitude, modulation depth) of the AOM to dynamically alter the laser beam characteristics. By changing these parameters, the system can adapt beam shape, position, and intensity without physical modification of the optical element.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Area of stationary object

If the laser beam is spread over a large area, then coverage area is improved, but beam intensity and ablation effectiveness deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoverage areaVSAvoidbeam intensity
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses pulsed laser operation combined with rapid acoustic modulation in the AOM to scan the beam across the surface in a periodic manner. This allows concentration of high energy in small pulses at each location while covering a larger overall area through repeated scanning patterns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs dynamic beam scanning controlled by the acousto-optic modulator to rapidly move the focused laser spot across the workpiece surface. This dynamic scanning enables coverage of large areas while maintaining high beam intensity at each instantaneous point by concentrating energy in a small focal spot that moves quickly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables robust, controlled, and efficient ablation over larger areas with precise beam control, reducing fragility and maintaining sufficient beam intensity, suitable for complex environments like gas turbine engines.

Implementation Method 1

the light from the laser source being coupled to the head using an optical fibre

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical fibre transmission: Optical Fibre

Implementation Method 2

a prism that rotates by use of a rotation mechanism with the prism being located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of light from the laser source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Implementation Method 3

a mirror that is moveable in at least one direction and which is set at an angle relative to the axis of light from the laser source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 4

Laser ablation uses a beam from a laser to heat up and vaporise a selected area of the component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser ablation: Laser Ablation

Implementation Method 5

heat up and vaporise a selected area of the component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVaporization: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP4295986A1Ablation tool
Publication Date: 2023.12.27 ROLLS ROYCE PLC
  • EP4295986A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4295986A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4295986A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A laser ablation tool comprising, a pulsed laser source, a prism (24) that rotates in a plane perpendicular to light from the laser source, and a mirror (25) that is moveable in at least one direction and which is set at an angle relative to the light from the laser source.