Laser-Cut Iridium Prechamber Ignition Electrode for Crack-Free Forming

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Solution Overview

Problem

Prechamber spark plugs with iridium alloy ignition electrodes face issues due to the brittleness of the material, leading to cracks during formation and bending, which results in premature wear and increased ignition voltage requirements.

Innovation Solution

The ignition electrode is produced using laser cutting to avoid cracks, allowing for delicate electrode legs to be formed without the material's brittle properties causing breakage, and are bent orthogonally to enhance ignition behavior.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If punching is used to cut out the ignition electrode from iridium alloy sheet, then production efficiency is improved, but cracks occur at the edges leading to leg breakage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction efficiencyVSAvoidcrack-free production
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical punching process with a laser-based cutting process. Instead of using mechanical force to punch out the ignition electrode from the iridium alloy sheet, a laser beam is used to cut the electrode shape. This substitution eliminates the mechanical stress that causes edge cracks while maintaining production efficiency, as laser cutting can operate continuously without the tool wear and force limitations of mechanical punching.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the cutting method parameter from mechanical contact (punching) to non-contact thermal processing (laser cutting). This parameter change allows for precise cutting without mechanical force application, preventing crack formation at the edges of the delicate electrode legs while still achieving the required production rate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If electrode legs are made wide to prevent breakage, then mechanical strength is improved, but heat dissipation worsens and wear increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strengthVSAvoidheat dissipation
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

By replacing mechanical punching with laser cutting, the patent enables the production of thin, delicate electrode legs without edge cracks. The laser cutting process creates clean, crack-free edges that maintain structural integrity even at small thicknesses (0.2-0.5mm), eliminating the need to increase leg width for mechanical strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the electrode leg thickness parameter from large (0.9mm) to small (0.2-0.5mm) by implementing crack-free laser cutting. This parameter change improves heat dissipation while maintaining mechanical strength through the combination of appropriate thickness and crack-free geometry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of energy

If electrode legs are made thin for better heat dissipation, then heat transfer is improved, but brittleness increases causing cracks during forming

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dissipationVSAvoidresistance to cracking
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical punching with laser cutting to eliminate the mechanical stress that causes cracks in thin iridium alloy legs. Laser cutting applies thermal energy rather than mechanical force, allowing thin legs (0.2-0.5mm) to be cut without developing cracks that would compromise their structural integrity during subsequent forming operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the cutting method from mechanical to thermal, and optimizes the electrode leg thickness to 0.2-0.5mm. This parameter combination achieves good heat dissipation while preventing cracks during forming, as the laser-cut edges are free from the mechanical stress concentrations that would cause cracking in conventionally punched thin legs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method prevents crack formation, enabling the production of ignition electrodes with improved heat dissipation and extended service life by maintaining the high melting point of iridium alloys while reducing wear and increasing the number of arc discharge points.

Implementation Method 1

the ignition electrode and, in particular, the electrode legs of the ignition electrode are cut out of the sheet metal by laser cutting

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser ablation: Laser Ablation

Implementation Method 2

An arc discharge can ignite a fuel-air mixture in the pre-chamber, causing a burning gas mixture to emerge from the pre-chamber openings

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectArc discharge: Electric Arc

Data Source

PatentEP3921903B1Prechamber spark plug, ignition electrode for a prechamber spark plug, and method for producing an ignition electrode
Publication Date: 2024.03.27 DKT VERW
  • EP3921903B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3921903B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3921903B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a prechamber spark plug comprising a housing which has, on the front end thereof, a prechamber having an ignition electrode located therein, wherein the ignition electrode comprises a base and electrode limbs protruding from the base, wherein the ignition electrode is machined from a metal sheet consisting of an iridium alloy and the limbs are bent out from the plane of the base in order to form a basket shape. The prechamber spark plug is characterised in that the ignition electrode, in particular the electrode limbs, is/are detached from the metal sheet by means of laser cutting. The invention also relates to: a corresponding ignition electrode; and a method for producing such an ignition electrode.