Laser Drilling Backlighting Inspection for Gas Turbine Components

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for inspecting laser drilled holes in gas turbine engine components are inefficient as they require offline visual inspection, leading to increased productivity costs, scrap rates, and light source degradation due to dross and dust accumulation and direct laser beam exposure.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus and method that positions a light source in the path of the laser beam, with a camera having a line of sight view of the light source through the machined shape, using a fluid flow to protect the light source from debris and heat, allowing for in-process inspection and real-time correction of hole parameters.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If backlighting is used to illuminate the component for accurate edge detection, then measurement precision is improved, but the light source degrades quickly due to dross and dust accumulation and direct laser beam exposure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveedge detection accuracyVSAvoidlight source lifespan
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A transparent shield is introduced as an intermediary between the light source and the harmful environment (laser beam path, dross, dust). The shield protects the light source from direct exposure to the laser beam and debris accumulation while remaining transparent to allow the light to pass through for backlighting the hole. This resolves the contradiction by mediating between the need for accurate illumination and the need to protect the light source.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The harmful laser beam and debris are converted into beneficial protective elements. The laser beam path itself becomes the protective barrier when the transparent shield is in place - the shield protects the light source from the very environment (laser plasma, dross, dust) that would otherwise damage it. The system uses the existing harmful environment to its advantage by positioning the shield to leverage the laser path as a protective zone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Measurement precision

If offline inspection is performed after hole drilling, then measurement accuracy is improved, but productivity decreases due to process stopping and re-drilling requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehole parameter inspection accuracyVSAvoidmanufacturing throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The inspection process is made continuous by implementing online inspection during the laser drilling process itself. The light source and camera system operates throughout the drilling process, allowing real-time monitoring of hole parameters without interrupting the manufacturing process. This eliminates the need to stop the drilling process for inspection and prevents scrap and re-drilling, thereby maintaining both measurement accuracy and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

A feedback loop is established where the camera continuously monitors hole parameters during drilling, and this information is used to adjust the drilling process in real-time. The system provides feedback on hole quality during the process, enabling corrective actions to be taken immediately rather than after the fact, thus preventing defective holes and improving overall productivity while maintaining inspection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If the light source is positioned in the direct path of the laser beam for backlighting, then edge detection accuracy is improved, but the light source heats up and fails due to direct laser exposure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehole parameter measurement accuracyVSAvoidlight source temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The transparent shield serves as a thermal and radiative barrier between the laser beam and the light source. It allows optical transmission for backlighting while blocking the harmful thermal effects of the laser beam, thus protecting the light source from overheating while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables continuous, accurate inspection and correction of laser drilled holes during the machining process, maintaining consistent lighting and extending light source lifespan by preventing debris accumulation and heat damage.

Implementation Method 1

a device is arranged to provide a flow of fluid over the surface of the light source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid flow:

Implementation Method 2

the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method of laser drilling a hole through a gas turbine engine component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser drilling: Laser

Implementation Method 3

laser drilling a hole through a gas turbine engine component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser ablation: Laser Ablation

Data Source

PatentEP3059039B1An apparatus and a method of machining a shape through a component
Publication Date: 2019.04.24 ROLLS ROYCE PLC
  • EP3059039B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3059039B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3059039B1 patent drawingFigure 3~9

AI summary

A method of laser drilling a hole comprising providing a laser source (106) at a first side of a component (42) to laser drill a hole (54A) though the component (42). A light source (108) is positioned in the path of the laser beam (L) at the opposite side of the component (42). A camera (114) is provided at the first side of the component (42). The camera (114) is positioned such that it has a line of sight view of the light source (108) through the laser drilled hole (54A). The laser drilled hole (54A) in the component (42) is viewed using the light provided by the light source (108) at the opposite side of the component (42). The parameters of the laser drilled hole (54A) are measured using the view of the laser drilled hole (54A) provided by the camera (114) and a flow of gas (A) is provided over the surface of the light source (108) to protect the light source (108).