Doped Laser Fiber Intermediate Layers for Stress Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-power laser fibers face mechanical stress and destruction due to thermal expansion mismatches between doped core and undoped cladding, leading to photodarkening and crystallization issues, which limit their operational stability and efficiency.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating intermediate layers with specific interlayer doping and codoping between the glass fiber core and cladding to absorb and balance mechanical stresses, adjust refractive index, and manage thermal expansion, thereby stabilizing the fiber structure and reducing stress-related damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If solubilizers such as aluminum or phosphorus are used to improve rare earth element solubility in the glass matrix, then the solubility of rare earth elements is improved, but mechanical stresses occur in the preform core or fiber core interface leading to glass defects and potential destruction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesolubility of rare earth elementsVSAvoidmechanical stress resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The core is divided into multiple core layers with different dopant concentrations, creating a graduated refractive index profile. This segmentation allows solubilizers to be distributed in a controlled manner, improving rare earth solubility while reducing concentrated mechanical stresses at any single interface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different core layers are doped with specific combinations of solubilizers and rare earth elements tailored to local requirements. This local quality approach ensures optimal solubility in each region while managing mechanical stresses through gradual composition changes between layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Area of stationary object

If the core cross section is increased to achieve large coupling area for pump radiation, then the coupling area is improved, but the numerical aperture must be lowered which limits monomode operation and beam quality

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecore cross-sectional areaVSAvoidbeam quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

Different regions of the core have different refractive indices created by controlled doping gradients. This allows the core to support large mode area operation while maintaining appropriate numerical aperture through local refractive index variations, preserving beam quality despite increased core size.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The refractive index is varied in the radial dimension to create a graduated profile. This dimensional approach to controlling light propagation allows large core area while maintaining monomode operation through careful design of the refractive index distribution across the core cross-section.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Use of energy by moving object

If rare earth concentration is increased to achieve high core absorption for short fiber length, then the absorption is improved, but the refractive index of the core increases and thermal expansion coefficient increases leading to mechanical stresses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecore absorptionVSAvoidmechanical stress
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The core is segmented into multiple layers with progressively increasing rare earth concentrations. This gradual segmentation allows high overall absorption while distributing thermal expansion stresses across multiple interfaces, preventing catastrophic mechanical failure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The core uses composite doping with multiple solubilizers (aluminum, phosphorus) combined with rare earth elements. This composite material approach enables high rare earth concentration for high absorption while the solubilizers mitigate thermal expansion effects and reduce mechanical stresses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The intermediate layers effectively distribute interfacial tension, increase thermal strength, and maintain unimpaired light conduction, reducing mechanical and thermal stresses, and preventing core destruction during production and operation, thus enhancing the operational stability and performance of high-power laser fibers.

Implementation Method 1

at least one intermediate layer arranged between the glass fiber core and the cladding, which reduces mechanical stresses between the glass fiber core and the cladding

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 2

the polymer layer consists of a material whose refractive index is lower than the refractive index of silicon oxide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Implementation Method 3

In order to ensure the wave guidance of the pump core

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal internal reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP2441139B1Optical fiber containing a doped glass fiber core and cladding around the fiberglass core
Publication Date: 2018.08.29 J FIBER GMBH
  • EP2441139B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2441139B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2441139B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to an optical fiber, in particular a laser fiber, containing a doped glass fiber core (1) and cladding (2) around the latter with a refraction index profile which decreases outwards from the fiber core. The optical fiber is distinguished by at least one intermediate layer (3, 4, 5) being disposed between the glass fiber core and the cladding to reduce the mechanical tension therebetween. In one advantageous embodiment, the intermediate layer is doped in such a way as to ensure a stepped mechanical tension distribution between the glass fiber core and the cladding, and is co-doped in such a way as to reduce the refractive index and counteract the refraction index-increasing effect of the intermediate layer doping. The invention further relates to an application of at least one doped barrier layer to a core region during preparation of the preform to avoid diffusion of special core dopants from the core during the collapse process, and to allow the diffusion of special dopants between the barrier layer and the core layer.