Laser Head Gas Supply Layout for Homogeneous Cutting Flow

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing laser cutting technologies face challenges in achieving uniform distribution of gas flow variables, particularly at higher sheet metal thicknesses and laser power levels, which affects surface quality and cutting speed.

Innovation Solution

A gas supply device with a storage chamber and throttle element, designed to provide a homogeneous gas flow by superimposing a laser beam and gas flow, ensuring even distribution of flow variables through a common volume, with the throttle element having a passage length to diameter ratio between 2 and 8, and the gas flow angle adjustable from 0° to 30° relative to the central axis.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional gas supply systems are used, then the structure is simple, but the gas flow distribution is non-uniform affecting surface quality and cutting speed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface quality and perpendicularity of cut edgesVSAvoidgas supply device structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gas supply device is segmented into multiple functional components: a storage chamber for gas accumulation, a throttling element with multiple orifices for flow distribution, and a common volume for superimposition. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function optimally, achieving uniform gas flow distribution across the cutting area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The common volume acts as an intermediary chamber between the throttling element and the cutting area. It allows the laser beam and gas flow to superimpose and interact in a controlled space, ensuring homogeneous distribution of both before they reach the workpiece, thereby improving cut quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If higher laser powers are used, then cutting speed can be increased, but uniform gas flow distribution becomes increasingly important and difficult to achieve

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecutting speedVSAvoiduniformity of gas flow distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The throttling element is designed with specific geometric parameters, particularly an orifice length-to-diameter ratio between 2 and 8. This parameter optimization ensures that the gas flow velocity and pressure are uniformly distributed across all orifices, maintaining consistent gas flow characteristics even at high laser powers and cutting speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If gas flow parameters are not uniformly distributed, then cutting process is less efficient, but achieving uniform distribution increases device complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecutting efficiencyVSAvoidgas supply system structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The storage chamber serves as a preliminary accumulation space where gas is collected before distribution. This preliminary action allows the gas to stabilize and ensures sufficient gas volume is available for uniform distribution through the throttling element, improving cutting efficiency without requiring complex real-time control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enhances the expulsion of melt and oxidation during laser cutting, resulting in improved surface quality, squareness of cut edges, and increased cutting speeds.

Implementation Method 1

The throttling element and the storage chamber are configured to generate a homogeneous gas flow in the common volume

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas expansion and flow homogenization:

Implementation Method 2

a common volume for superimposing a laser beam and a gas flow

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSuperposition of laser beam and gas flow:

Implementation Method 3

by transmitting pressure and shear forces at the cutting edge and flanks, it facilitates the expulsion of the molten material from the kerf

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure and shear force transmission:

Implementation Method 4

the cutting gas supports the cutting process by enabling the conversion of iron to iron oxide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 5

the cutting gas prevents contamination of the last optical element in the processing head by deflecting process emissions through momentum transfer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMomentum transfer: Conservation of Momentum

Data Source

PatentEP3746259B1Gas supply device and laser processing head comprising same
Publication Date: 2023.06.21 PRECITEC GMBH
  • EP3746259B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3746259B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3746259B1 patent drawingFigure 2A

AI summary

The invention relates to a laser processing system (1000). The laser processing system (1000) comprises a laser device for generating a laser beam (10), a gas supply device for generating a gas flow, and a common volume (120) in which the laser beam (10) and the gas flow are overlapped. The gas supply device comprises at least one storage chamber (112) having a gas inlet (114), and at least one throttle element (116, 416, 516) that connects the storage chamber (112) to the common volume (120), wherein the at least one storage chamber (112) and the at least one throttle element (116, 416, 516) are designed to provide a substantially homogeneous gas supply to the common volume (120).