Laser-Perforated Composite Panels With Nanomaterial Heat Dissipation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for drilling holes in acoustic panels for aircraft are slow and costly, with limitations on the smallest practical perforation diameter and issues with localized heating during laser drilling, which can damage fiber-reinforced composite substrates.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene nanoplatelets into the composite substrate to enhance thermal conductivity, allowing for faster laser drilling without thermal damage by improving heat dissipation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If laser drilling is used to create small diameter perforations, then manufacturing precision and productivity are improved, but localized heating occurs causing thermal damage to the substrate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperforation diameterVSAvoidthermal damage
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A sacrificial overlay layer is introduced as an intermediary between the laser beam and the composite substrate. This overlay layer absorbs the laser energy and undergoes controlled ablation, preventing direct thermal interaction with the substrate while still enabling precise perforation formation. The overlay acts as a buffer that protects the substrate from thermal damage during the drilling process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the physical state and properties of the overlay layer during the drilling process. The overlay material is selected to have specific thermal and optical properties that allow it to undergo controlled phase changes and ablation under laser irradiation. By controlling laser parameters (power, pulse duration, frequency) and overlay properties, the thermal energy is managed to prevent substrate damage while achieving precise perforations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-affected harmful factors

If conventional drilling methods are used, then thermal damage is avoided, but manufacturing time increases and productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal damageVSAvoiddrilling rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention replaces conventional mechanical drilling methods with laser-based drilling. This substitution eliminates mechanical contact and associated issues while enabling much faster drilling rates. The laser energy directly ablates the overlay material, creating perforations at speeds impossible with mechanical drills, while the overlay protects against substrate thermal damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The sacrificial overlay layer serves as a mediator that enables the use of high-energy laser drilling without transferring damaging thermal energy to the substrate. This intermediary layer allows the system to achieve the high productivity of laser drilling while avoiding the thermal damage that would normally occur with direct substrate laser exposure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Manufacturing precision

If smaller perforation diameters are created to minimize drag, then aerodynamic performance is improved, but manufacturing complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperforation diameterVSAvoidmanufacturing process
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The overlay layer is designed as a disposable, sacrificial element that is consumed during the drilling process. This cheap, temporary component enables precise small-diameter perforations to be created easily and repeatedly without complex tooling or processes. After serving its protective and facilitating function, the overlay is discarded, having enabled cost-effective high-precision manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The overlay acts as a mediator that simplifies the manufacturing process for creating small perforations. Instead of requiring complex precision mechanical drilling setups or risky direct laser drilling of the substrate, the overlay provides a simple, controlled medium that enables precise perforation creation with standard laser equipment, reducing manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables faster drilling rates with reduced risk of thermal damage, decreasing manufacturing costs and enabling the creation of smaller diameter perforations that minimize drag, thereby improving acoustic panel performance.

Implementation Method 1

Incorporating nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene nanoplatelets into the composite substrate to enhance thermal conductivity, allowing for faster laser drilling without thermal damage by improving heat dissipation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conductivity enhancement: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

Laser drilling may be employed as an advantageous process for forming small diameter perforations for acoustic panels

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser heating: Laser

Implementation Method 3

A laser drills holes through the first substrate at a rate of at least 2 holes per second

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser ablation: Laser Ablation

Data Source

PatentEP2944415B1Methods for perforating materials
Publication Date: 2021.12.08 ROHR INC
  • EP2944415B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2944415B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2944415B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Systems and methods for manufacturing laser-perforated nanoreinforced materials are disclosed. A honeycomb core (300) may utilize a perforated top sheet (100;320) and a microperforated overlay film (200;340) coupled to the perforated top sheet (100;320). The perforated top sheet (100;320) and/or the microperforated film (200;340) may include thermally conductive nanomaterials (130). The perforations (140;325) in the top sheet (100;320) and the microperforations (220;345) in the film (200;340) may be laser drilled. The nanomaterials (130) may dissipate heat generated by the laser drilling, allowing for increased perforation speeds.