Laser Substrate Separation via Non-Linear Self-Focusing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for separating substrates, such as glass wafers, are inefficient and costly due to unsatisfactory edge quality, high processing time, and energy consumption, particularly in producing a large number of separating surfaces without sequential removal.

Innovation Solution

A method utilizing pulsed laser radiation with non-linear self-focusing effects, where the focal length difference exceeds substrate thickness, enabling anisotropic material removal through liquid or dry etching without tracking the laser focus, reducing processing time and energy input.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If diamond cutting tools are used for substrate separation, then the separation process can be carried out at high speed (30 cm/sec), but the edge quality becomes unsatisfactory leading to increased cleaning costs and reduced product reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation speedVSAvoidedge quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical diamond cutting tools with a laser-based separation system. The laser beam modifies the substrate material along the beam axis through optical energy, eliminating mechanical contact and associated edge damage. This substitution maintains high separation speed while dramatically improving edge quality by avoiding mechanical stress and chip generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes laser wavelength and pulse duration parameters to achieve precise material modification. By selecting appropriate laser parameters (wavelength, pulse width, intensity), the process achieves clean separation without the edge damage characteristic of mechanical cutting, resolving the contradiction between speed and quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If sequential removal methods are used to create separating surfaces, then manufacturing precision can be maintained, but processing time increases significantly reducing productivity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparating surface qualityVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The laser performs preliminary modification of the substrate material along the entire separating line simultaneously through rapid scanning, rather than sequential removal. This preliminary action creates a modified zone that enables subsequent clean separation, dramatically reducing processing time while maintaining precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The laser beam continuously scans along the separating line without interruption, maintaining constant material modification along the entire separation path. This continuous action eliminates the need for multiple sequential operations, reducing processing time while ensuring uniform separating surface quality throughout.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

3Manufacturing precision

If high energy laser pulses are used to modify substrate material, then separation quality improves, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial modification qualityVSAvoidlaser energy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs pulsed laser radiation with optimized pulse duration and repetition rate. By using periodic pulses rather than continuous high-power radiation, the process achieves necessary material modification while allowing thermal relaxation between pulses, significantly reducing overall energy consumption compared to continuous high-energy operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes laser parameter combinations (wavelength, pulse duration, intensity, repetition rate) to achieve efficient material modification at lower energy levels. By tuning these parameters, the process maintains high separation quality while minimizing energy input, resolving the contradiction between modification quality and energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach simplifies the separation process by eliminating the need for focus tracking, significantly reducing processing time and energy consumption while ensuring high-quality separation surfaces with minimal material removal.

Implementation Method 1

the laser radiation being focused by non-linear self-focusing within the pulse duration of a single pulse through the same optical system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNon-linear self-focusing:

Implementation Method 2

separating a substrate... by means of a laser beam... using pulsed laser radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser radiation: Laser

Implementation Method 3

the subsequent separation process is carried out by anisotropic removal essentially along the separating line

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEtching:

Data Source

PatentEP2964416B1Method for separating a substrate
Publication Date: 2023.07.19 LPKF LASER & ELECTRONICS AG
  • EP2964416B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2964416B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2c
  • EP2964416B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3c

AI summary

The invention relates to a method and device for separating a substrate (2) by means of a laser beam (3). The duration of the effect of the laser beam (3) is extremely short such that the substrate (2) is only modified concentrically about the laser beam axis (Z) without it degrading the substrate material. Whilst the laser beam (3) acts upon the substrate (2), said substrate (2) moves relative to a laser machining head (10) such that a plurality of filament-type modifications are produced along a separating surface (5) which is to be incorporated. Said laser beam (3) is initially diverted by a transmission medium (8) having a higher intensity-dependent refractive index than air, and subsequently reaches the substrate (2). As the intensity of the used pulsed laser is not constant but increases to a maximum over the temporal course of the single pulse, and then reduces, the refractive index also changes. The focus point (9a) of the laser beam (3) moves between the outer surfaces (11, 12) of the substrate (2) along the beam axis (Z) such that it reaches the desired modification along the beam axis (Z) without correcting the laser machining head (10) in the z-axis.