Laser Welding Electrode Tab Joining Process

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for joining electrode stacks in lithium-ion batteries, such as ultrasonic welding, pose a high risk of particle formation leading to short circuits and lack stability and homogeneity in electrical resistance.

Innovation Solution

A multi-stage joining process using laser welding, where anode and cathode tabs of partial stacks are sequentially joined with their respective current collectors, with additional separators between stacks, allowing for high mechanical stability and homogeneous electrical resistance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If ultrasonic welding is used to join electrode tabs, then joining speed and productivity are improved, but particle formation occurs leading to short circuits and reduced reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvejoining speedVSAvoidrisk of short circuits
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces ultrasonic welding (mechanical/vibrational system) with laser welding (optical/thermal system). The laser beam melts and fuses the electrode tabs without mechanical contact, eliminating particle generation while maintaining high joining speed. This substitution resolves the contradiction by achieving both high productivity and reliability through a fundamentally different physical mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Productivity

If ultrasonic welding is used to join electrode tabs, then joining efficiency is improved, but connection homogeneity and electrical resistance uniformity deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvejoining efficiencyVSAvoidconnection homogeneity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical parameters of the joining process by using laser welding instead of ultrasonic welding. The laser parameters (power, speed, focus position) can be precisely controlled to achieve uniform melting and fusion across all electrode tabs, ensuring homogeneous connections and consistent electrical resistance while maintaining high joining efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If multi-stage joining process is implemented, then connection reliability and homogeneity are improved, but process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconnection stabilityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the stacking process with the joining process into a single integrated operation. As each new electrode stack is placed on the stack, the laser immediately welds the electrode tabs to the current collectors without requiring separate joining steps. This merging reduces process complexity while maintaining the reliability benefits of controlled, sequential joining.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method prevents particle formation that can cause short circuits, enhances process stability, and allows for online control, providing a cost-effective solution by integrating joining into the stacking process without time loss, suitable for various applications including electric vehicles and consumer electronics.

Implementation Method 1

A multi-stage joining process using laser welding, where anode and cathode tabs of partial stacks are sequentially joined with their respective current collectors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser welding: Laser Beam Welding

Data Source

PatentEP3454404B1Method for joining an electrode stack
Publication Date: 2021.06.23 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP3454404B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP3454404B1 patent drawingFigure 1c
  • EP3454404B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b

AI summary

The invention refers to a method for joining an electrode stack (100) of several partial stacks (2), whereat a partial stack (2) comprises an anode (4) with an anode tab (6), a cathode (8) with a cathode tab (10) and at least one separator (12) arranged between the anode (4) and the cathode (8), and whereat at least one further separator (12) is arranged between the partial stacks (2). The several partial stacks (2) are placed on top of each other in a stacking process, and the anode tabs (6) of the several partial stacks (2) are joint to each other and with an anode current collector in a multi-stage joining process, and the cathode tabs (10) of the several partial stacks (2) are joint to each other and with a cathode current collector in a multi-stage joining process. The invention also refers to a battery cell comprising an electrode stack (100) produced by the method according to the invention.