Laser Welding Head Alignment for Accurate Vapor Capillary Depth

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing laser processing systems face challenges in accurately measuring the depth of the vapor capillary during laser welding due to variations in geometric properties and position, leading to inaccuracies in welding depth measurement, especially in complex weld geometries and over time, as the position of the optical measuring beam can drift or become misaligned.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating an image acquisition unit to capture images of the workpiece surface, including the vapor capillary and the measuring spot, allowing for real-time adjustment and alignment of the optical measuring beam to ensure accurate measurement of the vapor capillary depth without interrupting the welding process, using a camera or digital camera that can detect thermal radiation or visible light to enhance contrast and determine the position of the measuring spot relative to the vapor capillary.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If an optical measuring beam is used to measure the depth of the vapor capillary, then the measurement can be performed contactlessly, but the position of the measuring beam may drift or become misaligned over time, leading to measurement inaccuracies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevapor capillary depth measurement accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement consistency over time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system captures images of the workpiece surface including the vapor capillary and measuring spot position, processes these images to determine the actual position of the vapor capillary, and uses this information to adjust and realign the measuring beam position. This closed-loop feedback mechanism continuously corrects drift and maintains measurement accuracy over time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces manual or mechanical alignment adjustment mechanisms with an automated optical system that uses image capture and processing to detect vapor capillary position and automatically reposition the measuring beam, eliminating the need for physical realignment operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If the position of the optical measuring beam is adjusted to follow the vapor capillary position, then measurement accuracy is maintained, but additional complexity is introduced to the system

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevapor capillary depth measurement accuracyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses a single imaging device that serves multiple functions: capturing the vapor capillary position, determining the measuring spot position, and providing feedback for beam realignment. This multi-functional approach avoids adding separate alignment systems and reduces overall complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an image processing step as an intermediary between the optical measuring system and the control system. The processed image data serves as a mediator that translates visual information into positional corrections, simplifying the control logic while maintaining measurement precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If the measuring beam position is fixed, then the system is simpler to operate, but the position of the vapor capillary may shift during processing, leading to measurement errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem operation simplicityVSAvoidvapor capillary depth measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system transitions from a static measuring beam position to a dynamic position that can be automatically adjusted based on real-time detection of the vapor capillary position. The measuring beam position changes dynamically to track the vapor capillary, maintaining measurement accuracy while the system remains automated and easy to operate

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables continuous and reliable measurement of the vapor capillary depth, ensuring accurate welding depth control and improved processing quality by maintaining the correct alignment of the measuring beam with the vapor capillary, even in complex geometries and over extended periods, without the need for additional optical devices.

Implementation Method 1

The depth of the vapor capillary is typically measured contactlessly using spectral interferometric distance measurement or optical distance measurement using optical coherence tomography (OCT)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical coherence tomography: Tomography

Implementation Method 2

The depth of the vapor capillary is typically measured contactlessly using spectral interferometric distance measurement

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterferometric distance measurement: Interference

Implementation Method 3

using a camera or digital camera that can detect thermal radiation or visible light to enhance contrast and determine the position of the measuring spot relative to the vapor capillary

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation detection: Thermal Radiation

Data Source

PatentEP3924134B1Laser machining system for machining a workpiece by means of a laser beam, and method for controlling a laser machining system
Publication Date: 2023.08.16 PRECITEC GMBH
  • EP3924134B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3924134B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3924134B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a laser machining system, in particular a laser welding system, for machining a workpiece by means of a laser beam, comprising: a laser machining head for radiating the laser beam onto a workpiece surface to generate a vapour capillary; an optical measuring device for measuring distance by means of an optical measuring beam; an image capturing unit which is designed to capture an image of a region of the workpiece surface which includes the vapour capillary and a measuring spot generated by radiating the optical measuring beam; wherein the laser machining system is designed to determine the position of the measuring spot and the position of the vapour capillary on the basis of the captured image. The invention further relates to a method for machining a workpiece by means of a laser beam, comprising the steps of: radiating the laser beam onto a workpiece surface to generate a vapour capillary; radiating an optical measuring beam onto the workpiece surface to measure the depth of the vapour capillary; capturing an image of a region of the workpiece surface which includes the vapour capillary and a measuring spot generated by radiating the optical measuring beam; determining the position of the measuring spot and the position of the vapour capillary on the basis of the captured image.