Surgical Instrument Latch Release for Sterile Adapter Exchange
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Solution Overview
Problem
In teleoperated surgical systems, there is a challenge in maintaining a sterile environment due to the need to frequently attach and detach surgical instruments from teleoperated actuators, which often involves non-sterilizable components like motors and sensors. Additionally, the limited number of instrument holders and space constraints in surgical settings complicate the efficient exchange of instruments.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a latch assembly system that includes a sterile drape and an instrument sterile adapter (ISA) with a latch plate, which securely attaches to both the instrument carriage and the surgical instrument. This system allows for quick and reliable attachment and detachment of surgical instruments while maintaining a sterile environment by using flexible latch arms and connecting members that facilitate secure latching and easy release.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Extent of automation
If teleoperated actuators with motors and sensors are used to control surgical instruments, then control precision and automation are improved, but the ability to maintain sterile conditions deteriorates because these components cannot be sterilized using conventional methods
Solution Approach 1:
The system is divided into two separable parts: a sterilizable surgical instrument and a non-sterilizable teleoperated actuator with motors and sensors. The instrument can be detached, sterilized using conventional methods, and reattached to the actuator, allowing the automated control system to remain outside the sterile field while the instrument enters it.
Solution Approach 2:
A sterile adapter or interface mechanism serves as an intermediary between the sterile surgical instrument and the non-sterile teleoperated actuator. This intermediary allows mechanical coupling for precise control while maintaining a barrier that preserves sterile conditions in the surgical field.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple surgical instruments are exchanged frequently through limited entry ports, then surgical versatility is improved, but the time required for instrument exchange and risk of contamination increases
Solution Approach 1:
Instruments are pre-loaded into instrument holders positioned within easy reach of the surgical site. The latch mechanism is designed with preliminary alignment features that guide the instrument into the correct position before engagement, allowing surgeons to quickly exchange instruments without complex alignment procedures or prolonged exposure of the surgical field.
Solution Approach 2:
The latch mechanism incorporates dynamic elements such as spring-loaded arms and movable locking surfaces that automatically engage when the instrument is inserted and can be quickly released with a simple actuating motion. This dynamic design enables rapid instrument exchange while maintaining secure attachment during use.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The latch assembly system effectively maintains a sterile environment during surgical procedures by allowing for rapid and reliable exchange of surgical instruments without compromising sterility. It also addresses space and instrument holder limitations by enabling efficient use of available resources.
Implementation Method 1
a resilient latch arm can be inserted to engage a locking surface
Implementation Method 2
The fixed latch structure provides a lead-in ramp that forces the resilient latch arm onto the locking surface
Data Source
AI summary
A medical instrument comprises an instrument control surface configured to mate with an instrument sterile adapter to receive input drive forces through the sterile adapter to control actuation of the surgical instrument, the instrument control surface comprising a first opening defined in the instrument control surface. A latch structure of the instrument comprises a locking surface configured to engage a latch arm in response to the latch arm being received in the opening, wherein in an engaged state of the latch arm with the locking surface the medical instrument is attached to the instrument sterile adapter and the latch structure prevents movement of the latch arm in a first direction. A latch release is moveable in the engaged state of the latch arm with the locking surface to exert a force causing movement of the latch arm in a second direction to disengage the latch arm from the locking surface.