Lateral Flow Immunodetection Conjugate With Enzyme-Polymer Amplification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional lateral flow assays (LFAs) face limitations in sensitivity, particularly for detecting low concentrations of antigens, and existing nanoparticle-antibody-enzyme conjugates are complex to produce and limited in sensitivity enhancement due to enzyme attachment constraints.
Innovation Solution
A conjugate for immunodetection using nanoparticles with a polymer backbone and multiple enzymes, where a first binder specifically binds to a target analyte, enhancing sensitivity by 1000 to 10,000 times compared to conventional methods.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional nanoparticle-antibody conjugates are used for lateral flow assay, then the device can be manufactured and operated, but the detection sensitivity is limited and cannot detect low concentration antigens effectively
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite conjugate structure combining nanoparticles (gold or magnetic) with enzyme polymers (HRP or ALP). This composite material allows the nanoparticle to provide magnetic properties or colorimetric signal while the enzyme polymer provides catalytic activity for signal amplification, achieving ultra-high sensitivity detection of low concentration antigens
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the conjugate by using enzyme polymers with multiple enzyme molecules attached to each nanoparticle. This parameter change (multiple enzymes per nanoparticle) amplifies the detection signal by 1000-10000 times compared to conventional single-enzyme conjugates, enabling detection of antigens at extremely low concentrations
2Measurement precision
If enzyme polymers are used to amplify signal, then detection sensitivity improves, but the manufacturing process becomes complicated and time-consuming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary action by pre-synthesizing enzyme polymers with multiple enzyme molecules before conjugating them to nanoparticles. This pre-prepared enzyme polymer can be stored and then easily conjugated to nanoparticles using simple protocols, reducing the overall manufacturing complexity and time compared to synthesizing the entire conjugate structure in multiple steps
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses enzyme polymer as an intermediary between the nanoparticle and the antibody. The enzyme polymer serves as a bridge that connects the nanoparticle core to the antibody binding sites, allowing for simplified conjugation protocols while maintaining high detection sensitivity through the multiple enzyme molecules in the polymer chain
3Measurement precision
If enzymes are attached to nanoparticle surface, then signal amplification is achieved, but the space for enzyme attachment is limited and sensitivity improvement is constrained
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the nested doll principle by placing multiple enzyme molecules within the polymer chain structure that is itself attached to the nanoparticle. This nested arrangement (enzymes within polymer within nanoparticle structure) maximizes the number of enzymes per nanoparticle by utilizing the three-dimensional space efficiently, achieving 1000-10000 fold signal amplification
4Reliability
If bioreceptor is directly conjugated to nanoparticle, then the conjugate can bind to target, but the bioreceptor adsorption without orientation limits active site exposure and binding efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses enzyme polymer as an intermediary between the nanoparticle and the bioreceptor (antibody). This intermediary layer allows the bioreceptor to be properly oriented with its active site exposed, while the enzyme polymer provides the connection to the nanoparticle. This orientation-mediated conjugation significantly improves binding efficiency and target substance recognition capability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The conjugate enables ultra-high sensitive detection of antigens at low concentrations with improved accuracy and reproducibility, simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing non-specific reactions.
Implementation Method 1
a first binder conjugated to the surface of the polymer and specifically binding to a target analyte
Implementation Method 2
a polymer conjugated to the nanoparticles and including a plurality of enzymes
Implementation Method 3
signal amplification by coloring, emission, precipitation reaction
Implementation Method 4
since the signal intensity is determined by the color intensity of nanoparticles (ex. AuNP, Latex bead, etc.)
Implementation Method 5
nanoparticles, a polymer conjugated to the nanoparticles
Implementation Method 6
the antibody immobilized to the membrane and the antibody immobilized to the gold nanoparticle, capable of specifically binding to the sample substance, are configured to bind to the sample substance in a sandwich form
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a conjugate for immunodetection, an immunodetection sensor including same, and an immunodetection method and an immunodetection signal amplification method using same. Specifically, the present invention has the technical features of: a conjugate for immunodetection based on lateral flow assay, the conjugate including nanoparticles, a polymer conjugated to the nanoparticles and including a plurality of enzymes, and a first binder conjugated to the surface of the polymer and specifically binding to a target specimen; and a use thereof. Accordingly, detection sensitivity is remarkably improved, thereby enabling ultra-high-sensitivity detection, and various antigens and diseases can be simply, quickly, and effectively diagnosed, so that the present invention can be advantageously used.