Latex Aggregation Detection Kit for Antigen Quantification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting and quantifying target substances, such as antigen detection, require specialized reagents and instruments, are complex, and not suitable for large-scale processing due to high operating costs and variability in manual measurements.
Innovation Solution
A kit and method utilizing a first bound substance with a stimuli-responsive polymer and a second bound substance with a hydrophilic moiety that binds to different sites of the target substance, inhibiting polymer aggregation, allowing for detection and quantification without special reagents or instruments by observing aggregation inhibition.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If enzyme-substrate reaction methods (ELISA, CLEIA) are used to detect small amounts of antigen, then detection sensitivity is improved, but operating cost increases and operation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the complex enzyme-substrate reaction system from the detection process. Instead of using enzymes, secondary antibodies, and luminescent reagents, the patent directly measures latex aggregation caused by antigen cross-linking, simplifying the entire detection mechanism while maintaining sensitivity for small amounts of antigen.
Solution Approach 2:
The latex particles themselves serve as both the detection probe and the signal source. The antigen causes direct aggregation of latex particles through cross-linking, eliminating the need for separate enzyme probes or substrate reagents. The system uses the natural aggregation property of latex to generate the detection signal.
2Measurement precision
If enzyme-substrate reaction methods are used to detect small amounts of antigen, then detection sensitivity is improved, but operating cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces expensive enzyme reagents, secondary antibodies, and luminescent substrates with simple, inexpensive latex particles. The latex aggregation method uses readily available materials that can be easily prepared and disposed of, dramatically reducing the cost per test while maintaining the ability to detect small amounts of antigen.
3Measurement precision
If multiple steps (incubation, cleaning, detection) are performed in enzyme-substrate methods, then detection accuracy is improved, but processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention segments the detection process into a single critical step: mixing the sample with latex particles and measuring aggregation. By eliminating unnecessary intermediate steps like enzyme incubation, washing, and luminescence measurement, the patent achieves rapid detection without sacrificing accuracy, as the direct aggregation measurement provides immediate and reliable results.
4Ease of operation
If manual measurement is used in latex aggregation method, then simplicity is maintained, but measurement variability increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces manual visual or subjective assessment of latex aggregation with objective quantitative measurement techniques. By using instruments to measure aggregation parameters (such as light scattering, turbidity, or particle counting), the patent eliminates human variability in measurement while maintaining the simplicity of the latex aggregation mechanism itself.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, inexpensive, and high-precision detection and quantification of target substances with reduced processing time and variability, achieving high sensitivity without the need for enzyme-catalyzed reactions or specialized equipment.
Implementation Method 1
a first substance (11) containing a stimuli-responsive polymer binds to a first affinity substance (13) having affinity to the target substance (50)
Implementation Method 2
a hydrophilic second substance (21) binds to a second affinity substance (23) having affinity to the target substance (50), in which the first affinity substance (13) and the second affinity substance (23) can bind simultaneously to different sites of the target substance (50)
Data Source
AI summary
A detection/determination kit with which a substance to be detected or the amount thereof can be rapidly, inexpensively, and easily detected or determined; and a detection/determination method. The kit, which is for detecting a substance to be detected (50) contained in a specimen, comprises: a first compound (10) comprising a first substance including a stimulus-responsive polymer (11) and, bonded to the first substance, a first antibody (13) against the substance (50); and a second compound (20) comprising a second substance (21) which is hydrophilic and, bonded thereto, a second antibody (23) against the substance (50). The first antibody (13) and second antibody (23) can simultaneously combine with the substance (50) at different sites in the substance (50).