Layer 2 Packet Security for Low-Latency MPLS and IP Traffic

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing communication protocols face challenges in efficiently securing data transmission, particularly in Layer 2.5 (MPLS) and Layer 3 (IP) protocols, as current encryption methods like IPSec and MACSec consume significant CPU resources and introduce high latency, making them unsuitable for low-latency applications.

Innovation Solution

Implementing IEEE 802.1AE protocol for encryption and authentication, leaving specific portions of the packet unencrypted and unauthenticated, such as the MPLS and IP headers, to allow network devices to operate on these headers dynamically, reducing CPU usage and latency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If full packet encryption (IPSec/MACSec) is applied to secure data transmission, then security is improved, but CPU resource consumption increases and latency increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transmission securityVSAvoidtransmission latency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The packet is segmented into multiple portions: encrypted portions (containing sensitive payload data) and unencrypted portions (containing headers). This allows selective encryption of only the necessary data portions rather than encrypting the entire packet, thereby reducing processing overhead and latency while maintaining security for sensitive information.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different portions of the packet are treated differently: sensitive payload portions are encrypted while header portions remain unencrypted. This local differentiation allows network devices to efficiently process unencrypted headers (for routing and switching decisions) without the computational burden of decrypting them, while still protecting sensitive data through encryption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If full packet encryption is applied, then data confidentiality is improved, but device processing efficiency deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata confidentialityVSAvoiddevice processing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The packet structure is divided into encrypted and unencrypted segments, allowing network devices to process only the unencrypted header portions for routing and forwarding decisions. This segmentation eliminates the need to decrypt and re-encrypt entire packets at each network device, significantly improving processing efficiency while maintaining confidentiality of the encrypted payload portions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Encryption is applied selectively to specific portions of the packet (payload) rather than the entire packet. This allows network devices to efficiently handle unencrypted portions (headers) for network operations while the encrypted portions maintain confidentiality. The selective application of encryption to only where needed optimizes the balance between security and processing efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP4175227B1Security for communication protocols
Publication Date: 2026.02.18 NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
  • EP4175227B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4175227B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4175227B1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

Various example embodiments for supporting security for communications may be configured to support security for communications of communication protocols at various communication layers. For example, various example embodiments for supporting security for communications may be configured to support security for communications of communication protocols operating above Layer 2 using a Layer 2 network security protocol. For example, various example embodiments for supporting security for communications may be configured to support security for communications of communication protocols operating at Layer 2.5 (e.g., Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) protocols or other Layer 2.5 protocols) using a Layer 2 network security protocol. For example, various example embodiments for supporting security for communications may be configured to support security for communications of communication protocols operating at Layer 3 (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP), such as IP version 4 (IPv4) or IP version 6 (IPv6), or other Layer 3 protocols) using a Layer 2 network security protocol.