Layered Dielectric Phantom for High-Frequency Dosimetry
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing phantom devices for electromagnetic dosimetry struggle to accurately simulate the electromagnetic characteristics of biological tissues at frequencies above 6 GHz due to high electromagnetic losses, limiting their effectiveness in measuring exposure levels for 5G and beyond wireless devices.
Innovation Solution
A phantom device with a layered structure comprising a first dielectric layer and a second layer, where the first layer is at least partly transparent and the second layer is made of a conductive material, optimizing the complex dielectric permittivity and thickness to enhance electromagnetic wave penetration and signal-to-noise ratio, while being easier and less expensive to manufacture.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a solid phantom made of lossy dielectric material is used to reproduce the complex permittivity of biological tissues, then the electromagnetic response at the interface can be accurately reproduced, but the electromagnetic loss increases significantly at frequencies above 6 GHz leading to prohibitively low signal-to-noise ratio
Solution Approach 1:
The phantom device is divided into multiple layers: a first lossless dielectric layer (with permittivity 2-10) and a second lossy dielectric layer (with permittivity 10-50 and thickness 0.1-5 mm). This segmentation allows the first layer to provide a reflective interface with acceptable loss characteristics, while the second layer reproduces the biological tissue electromagnetic response, thereby reducing overall electromagnetic loss and improving signal-to-noise ratio at frequencies above 6 GHz
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes specific parameters including the permittivity of the first layer (2-10), permittivity of the second layer (10-50), and thickness of the second layer (0.1-5 mm). By carefully selecting these parameters, the phantom achieves both accurate reproduction of biological tissue electromagnetic characteristics and minimized electromagnetic loss, enabling effective dosimetry measurements at millimeter wave frequencies
2Measurement precision
If a liquid phantom is used to reproduce electromagnetic properties of biological tissues, then the electromagnetic response can be reproduced, but the liquid requires frequent replacement due to evaporation and degradation of physical properties
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from liquid to solid dielectric materials, changing the physical state parameter. The solid materials (with permittivity 2-50) maintain stable electromagnetic properties over time without evaporation or degradation, thereby extending phantom lifetime while maintaining measurement precision through optimized permittivity and thickness parameters
3Duration of action of stationary object
If a solid phantom made of ceramic, graphite or carbon elements is used, then the lifetime and constancy of electromagnetic properties is improved, but the fabrication complexity and manufacturing cost increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent selects dielectric materials with permittivity in the range of 2-50 that can be manufactured using conventional techniques rather than requiring high temperature and high pressure processes. This parameter selection enables easier fabrication while maintaining stable electromagnetic properties and extended phantom lifetime
Solution Approach 2:
The phantom uses composite structure with two different dielectric materials having different permittivity values. This composite approach allows each layer to be manufactured independently using simpler processes, reducing overall fabrication complexity while achieving the desired electromagnetic characteristics and durability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed phantom device improves the signal-to-noise ratio and extends the frequency range for accurate electromagnetic dosimetry from 6 GHz to 300 GHz, enabling precise measurements for 5G and beyond wireless devices by minimizing electromagnetic losses and simplifying manufacturing processes.
Implementation Method 1
a first dielectric layer (12) comprising an upper surface face to the electromagnetic source and a bottom surface opposite to the upper surface, said upper surface being at least partly transparent to the electromagnetic waves emitted by the source
Implementation Method 2
said bottom surface being at least partly reflecting for the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the first dielectric layer
Implementation Method 3
The phantom device improves the signal-to-noise ratio and extends the frequency range for accurate electromagnetic dosimetry from 6 GHz to 300 GHz, enabling precise measurements for 5G and beyond wireless devices by minimizing electromagnetic losses
Data Source
AI summary
Phantom device for reproducing an electromagnetic characteristic of a reference object made of an electromagnetic lossy medium when illuminated by an electromagnetic wave with a predetermined frequency emitted by an electromagnetic source. The phantom device including a unit structure being at least partly transparent to the electromagnetic wave, and including: a first dielectric layer including an upper surface face to the electromagnetic source and a bottom surface opposite to the upper surface, the upper surface being at least partly transparent to the electromagnetic wave, the bottom surface being at least partly reflecting for the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the first dielectric layer, the first dielectric layer characterized by an effective complex dielectric permittivity of its bulk material, and by a thickness selected to reproduce the at least one electromagnetic characteristics of the reference object for a combination of the effective complex dielectric permittivity and the thickness.