Layered Ice Artificial Bird Manufacturing for Aircraft Impact Testing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for simulating bird strikes in aircraft engine testing lack consistency and reproducibility, as they fail to accurately replicate the physical properties of real birds, such as mass, shape, density, and impact effects.

Innovation Solution

The development of an apparatus and method for manufacturing artificial birds using layered ice, where crushed ice is compressed and re-frozen within a mold to create a uniform density and shape, mimicking the impact effects of real birds.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If artificial birds are made using conventional materials and methods, then manufacturing flexibility is maintained, but manufacturing precision and consistency of physical properties (mass, shape, density) deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconsistency of physical propertiesVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical state parameter of water from liquid to solid (ice) to create artificial birds with consistent properties. By controlling freezing parameters and using ice as the base material, the invention achieves reproducible mass, shape, and density that match real bird characteristics, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing precision and ease of manufacture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention utilizes the phase transition of water to ice to create artificial birds. The freezing process transforms liquid water into solid ice with specific density and structural properties, enabling consistent reproduction of bird-like physical characteristics. This phase transition approach directly addresses the need for manufacturing precision while maintaining relative simplicity in the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

2Reliability

If artificial birds are designed to accurately replicate real bird properties, then impact testing reliability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpact testing reliabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing apparatus complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The manufacturing apparatus is divided into distinct functional modules: a forming module that shapes the ice, a freezing module that solidifies the material, and a release module that extracts the artificial bird. This segmentation allows each module to perform its specific function efficiently, achieving reliable artificial bird production without requiring overly complex integrated systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates simplified copies of real birds using ice that replicate the essential physical properties (mass, shape, density) needed for impact testing. Rather than attempting to perfectly reproduce all biological characteristics, the patent focuses on copying the critical parameters that affect impact dynamics, thereby achieving testing reliability without excessive device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple bird species are simulated, then adaptability of the testing system is improved, but manufacturing precision for each species deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebird species varietyVSAvoidspecies-specific property accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The manufacturing apparatus is designed as a universal system that can produce artificial birds representing different species by adjusting key parameters such as size, shape, and mass. The same core device (mold, freezing mechanism, release system) serves multiple functions across different bird types, allowing the system to adapt to various species requirements while maintaining manufacturing precision through controlled parameter variation rather than species-specific complex mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for consistent and reproducible formation of artificial birds that accurately represent the kinetic energy release during bird ingestion, enabling reliable testing and analysis of aircraft engine components.

Implementation Method 1

a compressor to compress an ice surface of at least one of the first layer or the second layer of the crushed ice to form indentations on the ice surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 2

a freezer to re-freeze the crushed ice layers inside the mold to form an artificial bird

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFreezing: Freezing

Data Source

PatentEP4083593B1Methods and apparatus for artificial bird manufacturing in impact testing
Publication Date: 2025.05.28 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP4083593B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1C
  • EP4083593B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4083593B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and apparatus for artificial bird manufacturing in impact testing is described herein. An apparatus to generate an artificial bird for impact testing includes a mold generator to form a mold based on a bird class identification, a mold filler to fill the mold with a first layer of crushed ice and a second layer of crushed ice, a compressor to compress an ice surface of at least one of the first layer or the second layer of the crushed ice to form indentations on the ice surface, and a freezer to re-freeze the crushed ice layers inside the mold to form an artificial bird.