Layered Optical Imaging for Tissue Substance Mapping
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current optical imaging methods fail to accurately account for the anisotropic nature of biological tissues, leading to misestimation of substance content and spatial distribution in layered structures, as they treat detected substances as isotropic, thereby neglecting the actual light path and spatial distribution within tissues.
Innovation Solution
An optical imaging method based on a mapping of layered structure, where each layer has a specific absorption coefficient, transforming the layered structure into an equivalent uniform medium with the same scattering characteristics, allowing for the determination of absorption coefficients using spatial modulation frequency and thickness, and subsequently obtaining optical parameters through a transmission model.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If detected substances are treated as isotropic substances to simplify the actual path of light, then the complexity of calculation is reduced, but the substance content of each layer is misestimated and spatial distribution information is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The biological tissue is segmented into multiple layers (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, bone) with distinct optical properties. Each layer is assigned specific absorption coefficients for different substances (melanin, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin), allowing the light propagation path to be accurately tracked through each layer rather than treating the tissue as a homogeneous medium.
Solution Approach 2:
Different layers of the tissue are assigned different optical properties and substance concentrations according to their actual biological characteristics. The epidermis contains melanin while the dermis contains hemoglobin species, and each layer's absorption coefficient is locally optimized to reflect its specific composition, enabling accurate spatial distribution mapping.
2Ease of operation
If the detected substance is considered to be an isotropic substance, then the calculation process is simplified, but the spatial distribution and optical information of the detected substance cannot be accurately obtained
Solution Approach 1:
The problem is extended from a one-dimensional isotropic assumption to a multi-dimensional layered structure. By introducing the depth dimension with distinct layers, the model captures the vertical distribution of substances while maintaining horizontal homogeneity within each layer, thus recovering spatial information without excessive computational complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method enables accurate evaluation of spatial distribution and material content in each layer, enhancing detection depth and accuracy, particularly demonstrated in skin imaging and endoscopic tissue mucosal layer detection, with successful applications in forearm reactive hyperemia experiments and skin pigmented nevus detection.
Implementation Method 1
obtaining a content of each substance by Beer-Lambert law according to obtained optical parameters
Implementation Method 2
after obtaining optical parameters of the equivalent uniform medium in different incident light spatial modulation states by using transmission model of light in uniform medium
Implementation Method 3
the absorption coefficient being determined by a spatial modulation frequency of incident light and the absorption coefficient and thickness of each layer
Data Source
AI summary
An optical imaging method based on mapping of a layered structure. The specific spatial distribution and optical properties of materials in each layer are fully taken into account so that optical information of each corresponding layer can be separated out, wherein the optical information comprises absorption and scattering coefficients of each layer. The method is applied to biological system detection to obtain physiological parameter information of each layer of tissue, wherein the physiological parameter information comprises the content of oxyhemoglobin, the content of deoxyhemoglobin the content of melanin, and epidermal thickness. The method in combination with SFDI technology is applied to forearm reactive hyperemia experiments and skin mole examinations yielding positive results.