Array Substrate Layout for LCD Aperture and Signal Shielding
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional liquid crystal display devices suffer from low aperture ratios and transmittance due to the occupation of space by opaque shielding lines and data lines on both sides of the pixels.
Innovation Solution
The array substrate design includes a base substrate with a first metal layer, a second metal layer containing data lines, and a pixel electrode layer with trunk and branch electrodes. Shielding electrodes are strategically placed between data lines and pixel electrodes, overlapping with the trunk electrodes to shield coupling effects, thereby optimizing space usage and increasing aperture ratios.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If shielding lines and data lines are arranged on both sides of the pixels, then the coupling effect between data line and pixel electrode is shielded, but the aperture ratio of the pixel is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from a two-dimensional planar arrangement where shielding lines are placed on the sides of pixels to a three-dimensional overlapping arrangement. The shielding electrode layer is positioned between the data line layer and pixel electrode layer, allowing the shielding electrodes to overlap with both data lines and pixel electrodes in the vertical dimension. This dimensional change enables effective shielding while minimizing lateral space occupation, thereby maintaining high aperture ratio.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a nested structure where the shielding electrode layer is embedded between the data line layer and pixel electrode layer. The shielding electrodes are positioned within the overlapping region of data lines and pixel electrodes, creating a nested configuration where multiple functional layers occupy the same lateral space at different vertical levels. This nesting approach allows the shielding function to be integrated without adding lateral space requirements.
2Reliability
If opaque shielding lines are used to shield data signals, then the coupling effect is reduced, but the transmittance of the display panel is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material parameter of the shielding electrodes from opaque materials to transparent conductive materials. By using transparent conductive oxide materials for the shielding electrodes, the shielding function is maintained through electrical potential equalization, while the optical transmittance is preserved. This parameter change in material properties resolves the contradiction between shielding effectiveness and light transmission.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the traditional opaque physical barrier approach with an electrical field-based shielding mechanism. Instead of using opaque materials that physically block light, transparent conductive materials are used to create an electrical shielding effect through potential equalization. This substitution of the shielding mechanism maintains both signal shielding capability and optical transparency.
3Reliability
If shielding lines are provided on both sides of the pixels, then the coupling effect is shielded, but the space utilization is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the shielding function with the existing data line and pixel electrode structures by positioning shielding electrodes in the overlapping region between them. Instead of adding separate shielding structures on both sides of pixels, the shielding electrodes are integrated into the space already occupied by the interaction of data lines and pixel electrodes. This merging approach provides shielding functionality without requiring additional lateral space.
Solution Approach 2:
The shielding electrodes serve multiple functions simultaneously: they provide electrical shielding between data lines and pixel electrodes, and their transparent nature allows them to function as part of the pixel structure without blocking light. This multi-functionality enables the shielding component to contribute to both signal integrity and optical performance, maximizing space utilization.
Data Source
AI summary
An array substrate and a liquid crystal display panel are provided. A shielding electrode is at least arranged between a data line and a pixel electrode. On a base substrate, an orthogonal projection of the shielding electrode and an orthogonal projection of the data line both overlap with an orthogonal projection of a portion of a trunk electrode extending along a direction of a data line, so that the shielding electrode shields a coupling effect between the data line and the pixel electrode. By arranging the data line and the shielding electrode in an area corresponding to the trunk electrode of a pixel electrode, less space or no space are occupied by the shielding electrode and the data line. The present application increases an aperture ratio of the pixel and increases a transmittance of the display panel.