Liquid Crystal Display Spacer Placement and Parasitic Capacitance Reduction

The pixel electrode is divided into multiple segments (first pixel electrode and second pixel electrode) that are positioned at different locations on the substrate. This segmentation allows the electrode to maintain electrical connectivity while reducing the parasitic capacitance with the reference electrode by distributing the capacitive coupling across multiple smaller regions rather than one large overlapping area.

The patent introduces a vertical dimension by forming the pixel electrode and reference electrode on different substrates (first substrate and second substrate, respectively) separated by a spacer. This three-dimensional arrangement reduces the parasitic capacitance by increasing the physical distance between the electrodes while still maintaining the necessary electrical fields for liquid crystal modulation, thereby resolving the capacitance issue without compromising viewing angle.

By moving the reference electrode to the second substrate and positioning it to overlap with the data line in the vertical dimension, the patent reduces parasitic capacitance through increased horizontal separation while maintaining electrical field effectiveness. The spacer creates a controlled vertical distance that allows the electric field to penetrate the liquid crystal layer effectively, preserving transmittance while reducing unwanted capacitive coupling.

The reference electrode is designed with a specific local positioning strategy where it overlaps with the data line in certain regions (particularly where the liquid crystal layer is thinnest or where the electric field is most needed) while maintaining distance in other regions. This localized optimization allows parasitic capacitance reduction without sacrificing overall transmittance, as the electric field is concentrated where it is most effective.

The pixel area is segmented into regions with contact holes and regions without contact holes. The spacer is positioned specifically in the regions without contact holes, allowing the substrate support function to be maintained while preserving the aperture ratio in the contact hole regions. This spatial segmentation enables both functions to coexist without mutual interference.

The patent creates a complementary pattern where pixels with contact holes are paired with pixels without contact holes in adjacent regions. The spacer positioned in pixels without contact holes provides support that benefits the overall display structure, while the contact hole pixels maintain their full aperture ratio. This copying strategy distributes the support function across multiple pixels, allowing each individual pixel to optimize for its specific function.