Liquid Crystal Display Third Electrode Sub-Layering
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Solution Overview
Problem
Liquid crystal display devices face challenges in achieving high transmittance and response speed, particularly due to low aperture ratio and limited side visibility, which are exacerbated by the need for fine slits in electrodes and the occupation of large areas by switch driving units, and the difficulty in using sub-pixels for high-resolution panels.
Innovation Solution
The liquid crystal layer is divided into sub-liquid crystal layers by a third electrode within the cell gap, allowing for different effective voltages to be applied, reducing the effective cell gap, and incorporating a pixel electrode with a central cross pattern and fine branch electrodes to distribute liquid crystal molecule tilt directions, thereby improving transmittance and response speed.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If fine slits are formed in electrodes to create multiple fine branch electrodes for guaranteeing side visibility, then the angle of view is widened, but the aperture ratio decreases and transmittance is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a third electrode positioned within the liquid crystal layer at a specific height, adding a vertical dimension (cell gap direction) to the electrode structure. This three-dimensional arrangement allows the third electrode to control liquid crystal tilt in the vertical direction while the first and second electrodes control horizontal方向的 tilts, thereby achieving wide viewing angles without requiring extensive horizontal electrode patterns that would reduce aperture ratio
2Adaptability or versatility
If each pixel is divided into two sub-pixels to guarantee side visibility by applying different voltages, then viewing angle is improved, but the switch driving unit occupies larger area reducing aperture ratio
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the liquid crystal layer into multiple sub-liquid crystal layers along the cell gap direction using the third electrode, rather than segmenting pixels horizontally into sub-pixels. This vertical segmentation allows independent voltage control of each layer, achieving side visibility through differential voltage application while maintaining a single continuous pixel structure that maximizes aperture ratio
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of dividing pixels in the horizontal plane (2D segmentation), the patent divides the liquid crystal layer in the vertical dimension (3D segmentation along cell gap). This approach achieves the same side visibility function without consuming horizontal pixel area, thereby preserving aperture ratio
3Speed
If cell gap is reduced to improve speed of response of liquid crystal, then response time is decreased, but high refractive index liquid crystal must be used
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the liquid crystal layer into multiple sub-layers along the cell gap direction, with the third electrode positioned at a specific height. This segmentation creates multiple interfaces that enhance the effective electric field strength, allowing faster response times without requiring extreme cell gap reduction. The multi-layer structure amplifies the effect of applied voltage, improving response speed while maintaining flexibility in liquid crystal material selection
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the structural parameter of the liquid crystal layer by introducing vertical segmentation into sub-layers, which modifies the electric field distribution and enhances the effective voltage applied to liquid crystal molecules. This parameter change allows achieving fast response times through structural modification rather than simply reducing cell gap, thereby avoiding the constraint of requiring high refractive index materials
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances the speed of response and transmittance by reducing the effective cell gap and ensuring side visibility, allowing for a single pixel structure with improved aperture ratio and high transmittance necessary for high-resolution panels.
Implementation Method 1
the polarization of light passing through the liquid crystal layer is controlled to display images
Implementation Method 2
arrangement of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is varied by the electric field
Implementation Method 3
When voltages are applied to the pixel and common electrodes to form an electric field across the liquid crystal layer, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is varied by the electric field
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate and a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates; a first electrode and a second electrode formed on inner sides of the first and second substrates, respectively; and at least one third electrode formed in the liquid crystal layer to divide the liquid crystal layer into a plurality of sub-liquid crystal layers in a cell gap direction.