LDL-C Measurement Kit Using Selective Surfactant Extraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are either complex, time-consuming, or lack precision, particularly in clinical settings, and are influenced by factors like triglyceride levels and the need for physical fractionation processes.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the reaction of cholesterol ester hydrolase and cholesterol oxidase, or their combinations with oxidized coenzymes, in the presence of specific surfactants and a polyanion, to selectively measure LDL-C without prior separation of lipoproteins, using substances like polyoxyethylene-polyoxyalkylene alkylaryl ethers and quaternary ammonium salts.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If ultracentrifugation method is used to separate LDL, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and operation time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and targets only LDL particles from the serum sample using specific surfactants that selectively bind to LDL, allowing direct measurement without complex separation operations. This eliminates the need for ultracentrifugation while maintaining measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces surfactants as intermediary substances that selectively interact with LDL particles, enabling specific detection and measurement of LDL-C without requiring physical separation by ultracentrifugation. The surfactants act as mediators between the measurement system and LDL particles.
2Productivity
If Friedewald formula calculation method is used, then productivity is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to triglyceride interference
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and measures only LDL-C directly from serum using selective surfactant binding, eliminating the need for calculation based on total cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides. This direct measurement approach maintains high productivity while improving precision by removing triglyceride-related calculation errors.
3Measurement precision
If electrophoresis method is used to separate LDL, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts LDL particles selectively using specific surfactants that bind preferentially to LDL, enabling direct measurement without electrophoresis separation. This simplifies the system while maintaining the ability to specifically measure LDL-C.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the mechanical electrophoresis separation system with a chemical binding approach using surfactants. This substitution eliminates complex electrophoresis equipment while achieving selective LDL measurement through biochemical interactions.
4Measurement precision
If physical fractionation operations are performed, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts LDL particles directly from undiluted or minimally processed serum using selective surfactant binding in a single-step reaction. This eliminates time-consuming physical fractionation operations while maintaining measurement precision through specific LDL-surfactant interactions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for simple and precise measurement of LDL-C without physical fractionation, improving speed and accuracy while being less affected by triglyceride levels, thus enhancing clinical utility.
Implementation Method 1
cholesterol ester hydrolase
Implementation Method 2
cholesterol oxidase
Data Source
AI summary
A method for measuring cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein contained in a sample, which comprises reacting a sample with (i) a combination of cholesterol ester hydrolase and cholesterol oxidase or (ii) a combination of cholesterol ester hydrolase, an oxidized coenzyme and cholesterol dehydrogenase in the presence of: [a] a polyoxyethylene-polyoxyalkylene alkylaryl ether; [b] one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyethylene-polyoxyalkylene copolymer, a polyoxyethylene alkenyl ether, a polyoxyethylene branched alkyl ether, and a polyoxyethylene-polyoxyalkylene branched alkyl ether; [c] one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, and a quaternary ammonium; and [d] a polyanion, and measuring a substance formed or consumed in the reaction.