Systematic LDPC Encoding with Block-Triangular Parity Matrix

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-speed digital communication systems face challenges in noise, fading, and Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI), which affect link performance, necessitating improved error correction methods for reliable data throughput in applications like 60GHz personal area networks and next-generation mobile communications.

Innovation Solution

The use of systematic Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes with a specific matrix structure, including row and column permutations, and the calculation of parity bits through sub-matrix operations to encode and decode data efficiently, ensuring robustness against channel noise and interference.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If systematic LDPC codes with specific matrix structure are used, then error correction capability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveerror correction capabilityVSAvoidmatrix structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The parity check matrix H is segmented into sub-matrices (H11, H12, H21, H22) with specific structures. The information bits are separated from parity bits through systematic encoding, and the matrix is divided into sections that can be processed independently during decoding operations, reducing the computational burden while maintaining error correction capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs quasi-cyclic structure where sub-matrices are formed by cyclic shifting of base matrices. By changing the cyclic shift parameters (row shifts and column shifts), different LDPC code rates and lengths can be achieved while maintaining the same base matrix structure, thus reducing device complexity through parameter variation rather than structural redesign.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If row and column permutations are applied to the parity check matrix, then encoding efficiency is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveencoding efficiencyVSAvoidmatrix structure precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The parity check matrix is pre-arranged into a systematic form with specific row and column permutations before encoding operations. The matrix structure is prepared in advance with information bits in the first k columns and parity bits in the remaining n-k columns, allowing efficient encoding through simple matrix-vector multiplication without requiring complex real-time permutations during operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If sparseness is maintained in the parity check matrix, then error correction performance is improved, but loss of information increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveerror correction performanceVSAvoiddata integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The parity check matrix exhibits local quality variations where different sub-matrices have different sparsity patterns. The H11 sub-matrix contains the identity matrix structure ensuring information bit preservation, while other sub-matrices have varying sparsity to provide error correction capability. This localized differentiation allows the system to maintain both sparseness for error correction and sufficient information preservation for data integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP2178217B1Encoding apparatus and method for low density parity check (LDPC) codes
Publication Date: 2014.02.12 INTEL CORP
  • EP2178217B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2178217B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6
  • EP2178217B1 patent drawingFigure 7~8

AI summary

A method and apparatus are disclosed that include encoding a codeword using a systematic low density parity check matrix using an encoder, the low density parity check matrix comprising a first sub-matrix associated with information symbols, a second sub-matrix having a block triangular structure associated with a first subset of parity check symbols and a third sub-matrix that is invertible and associated with a second subset of parity check symbols, the encoding performed over the second sub-matrix before the third sub-matrix.