Lead-Acid Battery Negative Paste Composition for Start-Stop Cycling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lead-acid batteries, particularly AGM batteries, face challenges in providing consistent and reliable performance, especially in supporting intermittent loads and prolonged stop events in start-stop vehicles, with limitations in rechargeability and cycling performance.
Innovation Solution
The development of a lead-acid battery with a container design that includes positive and negative plates with specific electrochemically active materials, such as barium sulfate, carbon nanotubes, and expanders, along with an absorbent glass mat separator, and an electrolyte comprising sulfuric acid with soluble metal sulfates, enhancing charge acceptance and cycling performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional AGM battery composition is used, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but dynamic charge acceptance and cycling performance are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The negative electrochemically active material uses a composite composition containing fine particle barium sulfate (0.1-2.0 wt%), conductive carbon (0.01-1.0 wt%), and organic expander (0.1-1.0 wt%). This composite material approach improves dynamic charge acceptance and cycling performance by combining materials with complementary properties: barium sulfate enhances charge acceptance, carbon improves conductivity, and expander maintains structural integrity during cycling.
2Reliability
If battery structure is simplified, then manufacturing complexity is reduced, but performance consistency in start-stop operations deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention applies local quality by optimizing specific regions and components of the battery: the negative active material has a specific composition with fine particle barium sulfate concentrated in the negative plate, the separator has controlled porosity (30-50%), and the electrolyte has specific gravity (1.26-1.30) and additive composition. These localized optimizations ensure consistent performance in start-stop operations without requiring complete redesign of the entire battery system.
3Reliability
If electrolyte composition is optimized for charge acceptance, then dynamic charge acceptance improves, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The electrolyte is formulated with specific parameters: specific gravity of 1.26-1.30, and contains metal sulfates (Al, Mg, Na, K, Li, or Zn) at controlled concentrations (0-10 g/L each, total not greater than 15 g/L). These parameter specifications optimize charge acceptance while providing clear manufacturing guidelines that balance precision requirements with manufacturability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The battery achieves significantly improved dynamic charge acceptance, up to five times better than existing AGM batteries, with enhanced cycling performance, sustainable rechargeability, and extended service life, suitable for start-stop operations and regenerative braking.
Implementation Method 1
an absorbent glass mat separator between the positive plate and the negative plate
Implementation Method 2
The lead, lead dioxide and electrolyte provide a chemical means of storing electrical energy which can perform useful work when the terminals of a battery are connected to an external circuit
Implementation Method 3
Lead-acid batteries are made up of plates of lead and separate plates of lead dioxide, which are submerged into an electrolyte solution
Data Source
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AI summary
A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The lead-acid storage battery has a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The one or more cell elements include a positive plate, the positive plate having a positive grid and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive grid; a negative plate, the negative plate having a negative grid and a negative electrochemically active material on the negative grid, wherein the negative electrochemically active material comprises barium sulfate and an organic expander; and a separator between the positive plate and the negative plate. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend from the cover and are electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements.