Lead Alloy Composition for Predictable Battery Electrode Growth
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge in lead storage batteries is predicting the direction and amount of electrode lead layer extension due to volume expansion, leading to potential disconnection and decreased battery performance, especially when the crystalline structure of the lead alloy exhibits anisotropy, making it difficult to design the battery structure accurately and preventing deformation-induced failures.
Innovation Solution
A lead alloy with a diffraction intensity in the crystal orientation {211} five or less times that of pure lead, reducing crystalline anisotropy, allowing for predictable growth and simplifying battery design, is used in the electrode lead layer, along with an active material on its surface, to enhance structural accuracy and prevent deformation-related failures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If the thickness of the electrode lead layer is restrained to efficiently use the internal volume of the lead storage battery, then the battery volume efficiency is improved, but the electrode lead layer strength is insufficient causing extension and deformation
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the material composition parameters of the lead alloy by controlling the content of specific elements (Sn: 0.01-5 mass%, Al: 0.01-5 mass%, Si: 0.01-5 mass%, Ti: 0.01-5 mass%, V: 0.01-5 mass%, Nb: 0.01-5 mass%, Ta: 0.01-5 mass%, Zr: 0.01-5 mass%, Bi: 0.01-5 mass%, Ca: 0.01-5 mass%, In: 0.01-5 mass%, Ga: 0.01-5 mass%, Ge: 0.01-5 mass%, Ag: 0.01-5 mass%, Cu: 0.01-5 mass%, Fe: 0.01-5 mass%, Mn: 0.01-5 mass%, and their oxides) to achieve both sufficient strength and acceptable volume efficiency. This compositional parameter optimization allows the electrode lead layer to maintain structural integrity while keeping the battery compact.
2Strength
If a margin is designed in the battery structure to allow electrode lead layer extension, then the strength issue is temporarily resolved, but the battery structure becomes complicated and design accuracy decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the material parameters of the electrode lead layer by using a specifically composed lead alloy that inherently resists extension and deformation. This material-level solution eliminates the need for structural margins and compensations in the battery design, thereby simplifying the overall battery structure while maintaining electrode integrity during volume expansion.
3Stability of the object's composition
If the crystalline structure of the lead alloy has anisotropy, then the material may have directional properties, but it becomes difficult to predict the extension direction and amount of the electrode lead layer
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the alloy composition parameters to control the crystalline structure development and reduce anisotropic effects. By carefully selecting the content ranges of various alloying elements, the material exhibits more isotropic behavior, making the extension and deformation of the electrode lead layer more uniform and predictable in all directions, thereby improving design accuracy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The lead alloy enables predictable growth of the electrode lead layer, allowing for accurate battery design and reducing the risk of structural breakdown due to deformation, thereby improving the reliability and performance of lead storage batteries and power storage systems.
Implementation Method 1
the diffraction intensity in a crystal orientation {211} in a pole figure created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an X-ray diffraction method is five or less times the diffraction intensity in a random orientation in a pole figure created by analyzing powder of pure lead by the X-ray diffraction method
Implementation Method 2
in a case where the crystalline structure of a lead alloy to form the electrode lead layer has anisotropy
Data Source
AI summary
A lead alloy usable to manufacture a lead storage battery electrode the with easily predictable growth is described. The diffraction intensity determined by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy in a crystal orientation {211}<111> in a pole figure using an X-ray diffraction method is five or less times the diffraction intensity determined by analyzing powder of pure lead in a random orientation in a pole figure using the X-ray diffraction method.