Perpetual Calendar Leap Year Mechanism With Low-Energy Gear Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Perpetual calendar display mechanisms in watches are complex to manufacture and consume excessive energy, particularly in leap year indication systems.

Innovation Solution

A leap year display mechanism for a perpetual calendar watch movement featuring a drive element, transmission star, and reduction gear system that simplifies design and reduces energy consumption, utilizing a roller display with a reduction gear ratio of one-eighth turn per year.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a traditional perpetual calendar display mechanism is used to display leap years, then the date display adapts automatically to month lengths and leap years, but the mechanism becomes complex to manufacture and assemble

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveautomatic date adaptationVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The mechanism is divided into separate functional modules: a month wheel set for tracking months, a drive element for power transmission, a transmission star for leap year tracking, and a reduction gear train for speed adjustment. This segmentation allows each component to be manufactured and assembled independently, reducing overall manufacturing complexity while maintaining automatic adaptation functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The month wheel set serves multiple functions: it tracks the current month, drives the leap year display mechanism through the drive element, and provides the rotational motion that powers the entire system. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated components, simplifying the overall mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If a traditional perpetual calendar display mechanism is used to display leap years, then the date display adapts automatically to month lengths and leap years, but the mechanism consumes a lot of energy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveautomatic date adaptationVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The mechanism uses periodic monthly rotations of the month wheel set to advance the leap year display by one step each month. This periodic action synchronized with the lunar calendar cycle allows the system to track leap years efficiently without requiring continuous energy input, as the display only updates at appropriate intervals rather than continuously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The reduction gear train acts as an intermediary between the monthly-driven transmission star and the leap year display. It converts the monthly rotational input into the appropriate slower rotation of the leap year display, which completes a full cycle every four years. This intermediary mechanism efficiently transmits and transforms energy without requiring additional power sources.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Volume of moving object

If a roller display is used for leap year indication, then the display is compact and suitable for watch movements, but the mechanism requires precise angular positioning

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedisplay compactnessVSAvoidangular positioning precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The roller display mechanism includes an automatic positioning system where a pawl and ratchet mechanism engage with the roller's circumference to automatically index it to the correct angular position after each monthly advancement. This self-positioning feature eliminates the need for complex external positioning mechanisms, maintaining compactness while ensuring precise angular alignment through the inherent mechanical geometry of the roller and its engagement elements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP4369112B1Mechanism for displaying leap years in a watch movement with perpetual calendar display
Publication Date: 2026.05.20 MONTRES BREGUET SA
  • EP4369112B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4369112B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4369112B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a leap year display mechanism (10) of a perpetual calendar display watch movement comprising: - a drive element (21) connected to a month wheel (20) driven in rotation by one step per month, - a transmission star (30) intended to be fixed to a structure of the watch movement, arranged on the stroke of the drive element (21) so as to be driven in rotation by the latter when the month wheel (20) makes a complete revolution, - a leap year display (40) connected to the transmission star (30) by means of a reduction gear (32) so that at each revolution made by the month wheel (20) the leap year display (40) is driven in rotation by one step.