LED Display Spacer Structure for Forward Light Extraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Light-emitting diode display panels suffer from poor forward luminous efficacy, leading to excessive power consumption.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating spacers with a low refractive index layer between the spacer and the light-emitting element, which abut each other, to guide light emission towards the forward direction, enhancing luminous efficacy without increasing reflectivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If light-emitting diode elements are used in display panels, then power saving and high efficiency are achieved, but forward luminous efficacy remains poor leading to excessive power consumption
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a spacer unit with a low refractive index layer as an intermediary component between the light-emitting element and the opposite substrate. This spacer unit acts as a mediator to optimize light extraction and reduce total internal reflection, thereby improving forward luminous efficacy without increasing power consumption. The low refractive index material in the spacer unit creates a refractive index gradient that facilitates light extraction from the high refractive index light-emitting element.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the refractive index parameter by introducing a low refractive index layer in the spacer unit. This parameter change optimizes the optical properties of the display panel, improving light extraction efficiency and forward luminous efficacy. The refractive index of the spacer unit is specifically designed to be lower than that of the light-emitting element, creating optimal conditions for light emission and reducing energy loss.
2Loss of energy
If spacers are added to guide light emission, then forward luminous efficacy is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The spacer unit serves multiple functions simultaneously: it maintains the cell gap between substrates, guides and extracts light from the light-emitting element, and provides structural support. By combining these functions into a single component, the patent improves forward luminous efficacy without proportionally increasing device complexity. The spacer unit is a multi-functional element that addresses both optical and structural requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The spacer unit is constructed using composite materials, specifically incorporating a low refractive index layer that may consist of multiple materials or a specially designed composite structure. This composite approach allows optimization of optical properties while maintaining structural integrity, improving light extraction efficiency without requiring overly complex single-material solutions.
3Loss of energy
If the spacer surface abuts the light-emitting element, then light extraction is improved, but the risk of disconnection increases
Solution Approach 1:
The spacer unit provides a cushioning effect between the light-emitting element and the opposite substrate. The low refractive index layer acts as a buffer that maintains optimal spacing and mechanical coupling, preventing direct contact that could lead to disconnection while still enabling effective light extraction. This beforehand cushioning ensures both optical performance and connection reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The spacer unit incorporates thin film structures that provide flexibility and compliance, allowing the spacer to adapt to manufacturing variations and thermal expansion without causing stress concentration or disconnection. These thin film structures maintain the abutting configuration for optimal light extraction while providing mechanical tolerance for reliable operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Improves forward luminous efficacy by up to 40% while maintaining low reflectivity, offering better wide-angle viewing properties and reducing the risk of light-emitting element disconnection.
Implementation Method 1
A refractive index of the first low refractive index layer is less than a refractive index of the first spacer
Implementation Method 2
guide light emission towards the forward direction, enhancing luminous efficacy without increasing reflectivity
Data Source
AI summary
A display apparatus includes a driving backplane, a pixel unit, an opposite substrate, and a spacer unit. The pixel unit includes a plurality of light-emitting elements. The light-emitting elements are disposed on the driving backplane and electrically connected to the driving backplane. The light-emitting elements include a first light-emitting element. The opposite substrate is disposed opposite to the driving backplane. The spacer unit is disposed on the opposite substrate. The spacer unit overlaps with the pixel unit. The spacer unit includes a first spacer. A surface of the first spacer and a light-emitting surface of the first light-emitting element abut each other. There is a first low refractive index layer between the surface of the first spacer and the light-emitting surface of the first light-emitting element. A refractive index of the first low refractive index layer is less than a refractive index of the first spacer.