LED Driver Retrofitting Electronic Ballasts with Feedback Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing LED tube lamps require rewiring or removal of electronic ballasts to operate, which is labor-intensive and costly, and struggle to maintain consistent light output due to varying electronic ballast designs and LED forward voltage variations.

Innovation Solution

A retrofit LED tube lamp design with a lighting driver that includes a rectifier, switching device, current sensor, and controller to regulate LED current and power, allowing operation with various electronic ballasts by modulating the switching control signal based on sensed current and voltage to match reference values, ensuring consistent power delivery.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If LED tube lamps are retrofitted into existing fluorescent tube lamp lighting fixtures with electronic ballasts, then labor costs and installation complexity are reduced, but consistent light output cannot be maintained due to varying electronic ballast designs and LED forward voltage variations

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveInstallation easeVSAvoidLight output consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The lighting driver incorporates a feedback control mechanism that monitors the actual current flowing through the LED string and adjusts the switching control signal accordingly. This closed-loop feedback system compensates for variations in LED forward voltage and electronic ballast characteristics, ensuring consistent light output while maintaining ease of retrofit installation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts operating parameters by modifying the switching control signal based on detected conditions. The controller varies duty cycle, switching frequency, or pulse width modulation parameters to optimize LED current delivery, accommodating different electronic ballast designs and LED string characteristics without requiring physical reconfiguration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Use of energy by moving object

If a switching mode power supply driver is used to achieve power reduction and energy efficiency, then energy conversion efficiency is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveEnergy efficiencyVSAvoidDriver circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The lighting driver is designed to perform multiple functions using a unified circuit architecture. It simultaneously provides power conversion, current regulation, dimming control, and protection functions through a single integrated design that works with existing electronic ballasts, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining high energy efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The driver circuit utilizes the existing electronic ballast's power output directly, requiring minimal additional components. The system self-regulates by using the ballast's inherent characteristics to drive the LED string, eliminating the need for separate complex power supply units and reducing overall device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Device complexity

If the LED string is connected to the electronic ballast with simple rectification and smoothing, then device complexity is reduced, but closed loop power control is lost and LED current tolerance cannot be achieved

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveCircuit simplicityVSAvoidLED current tolerance
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The lighting driver incorporates a feedback control mechanism that monitors the actual current flowing through the LED string and adjusts the switching control signal accordingly. This closed-loop feedback system compensates for variations in LED forward voltage and electronic ballast characteristics, ensuring consistent light output while maintaining ease of retrofit installation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from static simple rectification to dynamic switching control. The controller actively adjusts the switching control signal in real-time based on feedback from the LED string, enabling precise current regulation and tolerance control while maintaining relatively simple circuit architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables reliable operation of LED tube lamps with existing electronic ballasts, reducing labor and costs by maintaining consistent light output across different ballast configurations and LED variations, achieving power reduction and improved efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

an LED string could be connected to the electronic ballast with the help of a diode bridge for converting the high frequency AC power supplied by the electronic ballast to the DC current for the LED string

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRectification:

Implementation Method 2

with a capacitor for smoothing out the ripple current

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 3

a switching device, for bypassing the first subset of LEDs, connected to the output of the rectifier and configured to be selectively opened and closed based on a switching control signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Switching:

Implementation Method 4

a current sensor configured to sense an LED current passing through the string of LEDs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2745621B1Electronic ballast-compatible lighting driver for light-emitting diode lamp
Publication Date: 2020.10.21 SIGNIFY HOLDING BV
  • EP2745621B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2745621B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2745621B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A lighting driver includes a rectifier having an input connected to receive AC electrical power from an electronic ballast and having an output connected to supply a current to a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in series with each other in a string, and a switching device disposed at the output of the rectifier and configured to receive a switching control signal and in response thereto to execute a switching operation to modulate an amount of power supplied to the plurality of LEDs so as to cause an average of the power supplied to the plurality of LEDs to be equal to a target power level. A current sensor may be provided to sense the current, and a controller configured to control the switching operation of the switching device in response to the sensed current.