LED Heterogeneous Protrusion Structures for Light Extraction

The patent forms protrusions of heterogeneous materials (such as metal particles or oxide materials) on the substrate or semiconductor layers before completing the semiconductor layer formation. This preliminary action creates the light scattering structures in advance, allowing light extraction enhancement without subsequent surface etching that would cause defects and increase contact resistance.

The patent introduces heterogeneous material protrusions as intermediary structures between the substrate and the semiconductor layers. These protrusions serve as light scattering centers that improve light extraction efficiency without directly contacting or damaging the active layer, thereby avoiding the defects and contact resistance issues associated with direct surface processing.

The patent applies local quality by forming protrusions of heterogeneous materials at specific locations (on the substrate or within semiconductor layers) rather than uniformly throughout the structure. This localized approach maintains manufacturing simplicity while creating regions with different refractive indices to reduce total reflection and improve light extraction.

The patent employs composite materials by combining the base substrate or semiconductor layers with protrusions of heterogeneous materials (such as metal particles, oxide materials, or other dielectric materials). This composite structure creates refractive index variations that reduce total internal reflection while maintaining compatibility with existing manufacturing processes.